Ferroptosis Detection: From Approaches to Applications

Abstract

Understanding the intricate molecular machinery that governs ferroptosis and leveraging this accumulating knowledge could facilitate disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Emerging approaches for the in situ detection of the major regulators and biological events across cellular, tissue, and in living subjects provide a multiscale perspective for studying ferroptosis. Furthermore, advanced applications that integrate ferroptosis detection and the latest technologies hold tremendous promise in ferroptosis research. In this review, we first briefly summarize the mechanisms and key regulators underlying ferroptosis. Ferroptosis detection approaches are then presented to delineate their design, mechanisms of action, and applications. Special interest is placed on advanced ferroptosis applications that integrate multifunctional platforms. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of ferroptosis detection approaches and applications, with the aim of providing a roadmap for the theranostic development of a broad range of ferroptosis‐related diseases.

Enhanced Transcutaneous Chemodynamic Therapy for Melanoma Treatment through Cascaded Fenton-like Reactions and Nitric Oxide Delivery

“…The results proved the effectiveness of the designed cascade reactions. Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death that occurs when cells cannot remove lipid peroxides . Normally, cells employ glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and GSH for self-protection by removing lipid peroxides. , Thus, the depletion of GSH and the generation of highly active ROS such as • OH are capable of inducing ferroptosis.…”

pH‐Sensitive Glucose‐Powered Nanomotors for Enhanced Intracellular Drug Delivery and Ferroptosis Efficiency

“…And, the relation of inactivation of GPX4 activity, further LPO products and ROS are considered to play the main role in this process. [4][5][6] As reported, such endogenous factors, such as a weak acid environment and concentration of iron ions and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) could restric ROS level and ferroptosis efficiency. [7,8] Thus, different approaches have been explored for ferroptosis-based tumor therapy.…”

Electrolyte Engineering via Competitive Solvation Structures for Developing Longevous Zinc Ion Batteries

“…The correlated unstable Zn/electrolyte interface brings about the water-induced side reactions (e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, H 2 O/H 2 + OH − ) [25] and surface passivation), further jeopardizing the cycling stability. [26][27][28][29] In a conventional aqueous electrolyte (salt concentration generally <2 mol L −1 ), the typical solvation structure of Zn[H 2 O] 6 2+ without anion coordination makes it infeasible to form a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). [30][31][32] The inevitable water decomposition would increase the local pH and induce the generation of Zn hydroxides or zincates to deactivate the Zn anode.…”