“…The second group of studies focuses on the spread of urbanised spaces beyond metropolitan fringes (different from urban sprawl) and their recent transformations and shrinking (Indovina 1990, Clementi et al 1995, Munarin, Tosi 2001, Lanzani 2003, 2011, Bonomi, Abruzzese 2004, Fabian et al 2012, De Rossi 2018, Curci et al 2020). More specific studies can be subdivided according to three areas of focus: land-take dynamics, which strongly affect Italia di mezzo (Crcs 2017, Ispra 2020; unauthorised urbanisation processes, particularly in southern Italy (Zanfi 2013, Curci et al 2017; and hybrid and fragile landscapes and recurrent building materials (Ingersoll 2004, Navarra 2017, Gioffre 2018, Ippolito 2019, expressly within peri-urban spaces (Magnaghi, Fanfani 2010, Mininni 2012) and coastal areas (Mininni 2010, Zanchini, Manigrasso 2017.…”