Public opinion on the European Union (EU) is significant and therefore a worthwhile topic of consideration. Analyses have identified and ordered the factors that impact public opinion on the EU, as well analyzed the efficacy of EU funds. Yet the confluence of these two lines of inquiry is understudied. Some Member States have surpluses and others deficits relative to the EU budget, which could impact citizens' perceptions of the EU. To gauge this potential relationship, this article notes deficit and surplus Member States and responses to one Eurobarometer question about trust in the European Commission from 2000-2013. These variables are used to evaluate the EU budget's impact on public opinion towards the EU. The data suggest that there is a limited correlation between the two. EU funds are overshadowed as a cause of public opinion formation on the EU by other forces, but can still influence it at the margins.
KeywordsEuropean Commission, European Union budget, political trust, public opinion
EU Budget and Public Opinion
Kai Stern University of Washington 68
IntroductionPublic opinion on the European Union (EU) is highly consequential. It can have a significant impact on politics and policy in the EU. Attitudes towards European integration as an idea or the EU as an institution have manifested themselves in a spectacular fashion through national referenda on EU membership and treaties. They do so in more quotidian modes through regional, national, and supranational elections and public consultation with government institutions. The EU as an institution is dependent on maintaining some level of public support and legitimization.The importance of public opinion's impact on EU politics and policymaking means that understanding how public attitudes towards the EU are formed and why they change is a vital topic of consideration. Hypothesizing about the reasons behind individuals' attitudes towards the EU has tended to center on either identity related or utilitarian rationales. Most analyses in the latter category have focused on the broader economic implications of the EU, seeing the EU as primarily economic in nature and theorizing that the distributional consequences of integration have a strong causative impact on individual attitudes towards the EU. Yet, the specific impact of the EU budget has been only marginally analyzed, despite its attractions. The direct pecuniary mechanisms available to the EU are restricted to its budget. Furthermore, unlike the more nebulous benefits proceeding from the common market, the EU budget has a tangible and traceable quality. Individuals can see the impact of and may be subsidized by programs financed by the EU budget, such as those targeting regional development. Whether the EU can influence public attitudes through budgetary allocations is consequential to the extent that the EU may utilize such mechanisms to enhance its legitimacy. Thus, an understanding of the extent to which the EU budget affects public opinion towards the EU is politically as well as academical...