Fertilisation practices on small-scale vegetable farms in Lembang, West Java : Understanding drives and barriers of farmers on the use of chicken and cattle manure

Abstract

Ringkasan Eksekutif 1 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Farmer selection 2.2 Questionnaire 2.2.1 General respondents characteristics 2.2.2 General farm characteristics and management 2.2.3 Farmers perception on the use of manure 2.3 Data analysis 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Respondents characteristics 3.2 Farm characteristics 3.3 Farmers perceptions on the use of manure 3.3.1 The use of chicken manure 3.3.2 The use of cattle manure 3.3.3 Evaluation of farmers perceptions on the use of manure 4 Conclusions 4.1 Respondents characteristics 4.2 Farm characteristics 4.3 Farmers perceptions on the use of manure Acknowledgements References Number of selected farms in the different villages Application rates [kg product/ha] of manure products in different crops Costs [10 6 IDR/ha] of manure products in different crops Survey results on 1: behavioural belief strength, outcome evaluation and attitude, 2: normative belief, motivation to comply and subjective norm and 3: control strength, control power and perceived behavioural control for the use of chicken manure Survey results on 1: behavioural belief strength, outcome evaluation and attitude, 2: normative belief, motivation to comply and subjective norm and 3: control strength, control power and perceived behavioural control for the use of cattle manure Survey results on the differences in 1: behavioural belief strength and outcome evaluation, 2: normative belief and motivation to comply 3: control strength and control power for the use of cattle manure between adopters and non-adopters 45 Survey results on the differences in 1: behavioural belief strength and outcome evaluation, 2: normative belief and motivation to comply 3: control strength and control power for the use of cattle manure between respondents with positive versus negative intention 47 Report WPR-966 | Key messages Survey results on fertiliser practices of small-scale vegetable farmers in Lembang, West Java, showed that: • The most frequently cultivated crops were broccoli, lettuce, tomato, Cayenne pepper, and cauliflower. • More than 90% of the farmers used chicken manure (mainly 'postal': chicken manure with rice husks), and 13% of the farmers used cattle manure. Other organic fertilisers frequently used by farmers were goat manure and granulates of organic fertilisers. • Fertilisers are applied at higher application rates and at higher costs in inter/multiple cropping systems than in mono cropping systems. • There are many different organic fertiliser products used by farmers at an average application rate of 13 and 18 tons/ha at an average cost of 5.2 and 7.0 million IDR/ha in mono and inter/multiple

Exploring barriers and opportunities for utilization of dairy cattle manure in agriculture in West Java, Indonesia

“…Constraints indicated by potential large-scale users were the (cost) price, manure quality, ease of handling, transport and application, and continuous availability of manure. This was in line with results of a recent survey among 320 horticultural farms in Lembang sub-district, which showed main issues are the difficulty to transport cattle manure, manure being often too wet and too costly to transport, manure being often not properly packed, and the difficulty of handling and applying cattle manure (Pronk et al, 2020). This implies the dairy sector needs to develop and implement improved manure management methods that enable easier handling, transport and application by end-users, and that ensure a continuous supply.…”

“…In the presented study it was calculated that for the situation in Pengalengan and Lembang an annual application of 30 t/ha cow manure or 25 t/ha chicken manure would be required to maintain the organic matter level of soils. This is in line with other recommendation rates for organic fertilizer for vegetable crops (20-30 tons per ha, e.g., Moekasan et al, 2015;Setiawati et al, 2007) and higher than average amounts applied in practice (13-17 t/ha, Pronk et al, 2020; although chicken manure is applied in higher amounts: 21-28 t/ha). If farmers would increase application rate to 25-30 t/ha, this would increase the estimate of the total amount of organic fertilizer that can be applied on land of large-scale users (see previous paragraph).…”

“…While macro-nutrients can be added by chemical fertilizer and by chicken manure, which is relatively rich in N and P, stakeholders interviewed in this study emphasized the value of cattle manure for soil quality, particularly due to the organic matter contents. The same was found in the study of Pronk et al (2020): according to horticultural farmers in Lembang, important drivers for using cattle manure are improved soil fertility, easier soil cultivation and increased crop yields. In the presented study it was calculated that for the situation in Pengalengan and Lembang an annual application of 30 t/ha cow manure or 25 t/ha chicken manure would be required to maintain the organic matter level of soils.…”

“…Jointly the four agricultural sectors identified by dairy cooperatives occupy 904 thousand ha in West Java: 602,532 ha forestry, 164,338 ha vegetables and herbs; area of fruit unknown, 90,499 ha tea, 47,082 ha coffee. Assuming an application rate of organic fertilizer of 17.5 tons/ha/y in coffee (rate based this report) and tea, and 15 tons/ha/y in vegetables and herbs (Pronk et al, 2020), theoretically about 5…”

“…Hambatan yang diindikasikan oleh pengguna skala besar adalah biaya, kualitas limbah, kemudahan dalam penanganan, pengangkutan dan aplikasi, serta ketersediaan limbah secara kontinu. Hal ini sejalan dengan survei skala besar yang dilakukan pada petani hortikultura di Lembang, yang mengindikasikan bahwa isu utama dari limbah sapi perah adalah kesulitan dalam transportasi limbah, limbah terlalu basah, biaya transportasi yang tinggi, limbah tidak dikemas dengan baik, dan kesulitan dalam penanganan dan aplikasi (Pronk et al, 2020). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sektor peternakan sapi perah perlu mengembangkan dan memperbaiki pengelolaan limbah sapi perah yang mudah diangkut dan diaplikasikan oleh pengguna akhir, dan menjamin suplai yang berkelanjutan.…”