Fertility and Women's Employment in Industrialized Nations

Brewster, Karin L.; Rindfuss, Ronald R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.271

Cited by 653 publications

(515 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Indeed, in more recent studies increasing attention has been paid to gender equality in the public sphere and gender equity with respect to family life seen as the main drivers of family change (McDonald 2000(McDonald , 2006Esping-Andersen 2009, linking back to the hypothesis on work-family incompatibility (Liefbroer and Corijn 1999;Brewster and Rindfuss 2000). These dimensions have been synthesized in new theoretical frameworks on multiple equilibrium (Esping-Andersen and Billari 2015) and the gender revolution (Goldscheider et al 2015) aimed at explaining past trends as well as recent family changes from the point of view of the ongoing transformation of gender roles.…”

Section: Making Sense Of the Interplay Between Family Complexity And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Roles of Men and Women and Implications for Families and Societies

Oláh

Kotowska

Richter

2018

A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe

107

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Section: Making Sense Of the Interplay Between Family Complexity And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Roles of Men and Women and Implications for Families and Societies

Oláh

Kotowska

Richter

2018

A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe

107

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“…While these findings were often not replicated at the individual level, they nevertheless signal an important change. The aggregate reversal was most frequently discussed in the relationship between women's labour force participation and fertility (Brewster and Rindfuss 2000;Engelhardt and Prskawetz 2004). More recently, it has been suggested that at advanced levels of development, further increases in development no longer translate into lower fertility, but could instead lead to rising fertility rates (Myrskylä et al 2009(Myrskylä et al , 2011OECD 2011; Section 2.1).…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Fertility in Low Fertility Countries

Basten

Sobotka

Zeman

et al. 2014

World Population and Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Future Fertility in Low Fertility Countries AbstractThis paper discusses results of the global survey of experts on the future of low fertility in low-fertility countries. The survey was coordinated by the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital as a part of an effort to produce global argumentbased population projections by age, sex and level of education. First we give an overview of fertility changes in major low-fertility regions. Next we outline main theoretical arguments and review a wide range of factors contributing to fertility change and variation in contemporary low-fertility settings. Subsequently, we present survey results based on 184 assessments of over 170 experts analysing 41 countries with currently low or aroundreplacement fertility and Israel. These experts provided forecasts of period total fertility rate (TFR) in 2030 and 2050, estimated 80% confidence interval of their forecast and assessed the validity and potential impact on fertility of 46 factors. We also compare expert-derived projections of the TFR trends with the forecasts formulated by the UN World Population Prospects in 2010. The survey results in combination with the feedback provided by the invited experts then serve as a basis for formulating a set of projection scenarios for all low fertility countries up until 2050, which are additionally expanded (in a simpler form) through 2200. We present these scenarios and discuss past changes in fertility differences by level of education and their potential future trends in main regions. Presented analyses and projections indicate that a global convergence of fertility to around replacement level, envisioned in the UN projections, appears unlikely. Continuing differentiation combined with partial convergence in fertility towards lower levels is suggested as a more plausible scenario, with East Asia (including China) as well as Russia expected to have sustained very low fertility below 1.5 through 2050.

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“…The growth in earning power and labour-market activity of women was thus regarded as a major cause of fertility decline. The role-incompatibility argument was used as the standard framework in many empirical studies dealing with fertility behaviour during the 20th century (Borg 1989;Brewster and Rindfuss 2000;Budig 2003;Matysiak and Vignoli 2008).…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare state context, female labour-market attachment and childbearing in Germany and Denmark

2014

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This study investigates the role of female labour-market attachment and earnings in childbearing progressions in two very different European contexts. By applying event-history techniques to German and Danish register data during 1981-2001, we demonstrate how female earnings relate to first, second and third birth propensities. Our study shows that female earnings are positively associated with first birth fertility in Denmark, while this is not the case in West Germany. We interpret our findings based on the fact that Danish social context and policy encourage women to establish themselves in the labour market before becoming mothers, while the German institutional context during the 1980s and 1990s was not geared towards encouraging maternal employment. For higher-order births, the results are less clearcut. For Denmark we find a slightly positive correlation between female earnings and second-birth fertility, while the association is somewhat negative for third-order births. In Germany, women tend to leave the labour market when becoming mothers. Non-employed mothers have elevated second and, in particular, third-birth rates. For the group of mothers who are employed, we find only a weak association between their earnings and higher-order fertility.

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Fertility and Women's Employment in Industrialized Nations

Cited by 653 publications

References 75 publications

The New Roles of Men and Women and Implications for Families and Societies

The New Roles of Men and Women and Implications for Families and Societies

Future Fertility in Low Fertility Countries

Welfare state context, female labour-market attachment and childbearing in Germany and Denmark

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