Fertility, household structure, and parental labor supply: Evidence from China

Guo, Rufei; Li, Hongbin; Yi, Junjian; Zhang, Junsen

doi:10.1016/j.jce.2017.10.005

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, a small but growing literature find less consistent or no evidence on the effect of presence of children on women's labour force participation (Guo et al, 2018;Cruces and He and Zhu, 2016;Azimi, 2015;Cáceres-Delpiano, 2012;Agüero and Marks, 2011;Aguero and Marks, 2008;Orbeta, 2005;Benefo and Pillai, 2003). Using twin birth as a natural experiment, Cáceres-Delpiano (2012) finds that fertility decreases labour supply for mothers with more schooling years and living in urban areas, but it does not have a significant effect on maternal labour supply for residents from rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Ajefu

2019

Rev Econ Household

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This paper investigates the impact of fertility on women's entrepreneurship decision in Nigeria, using the 2008 and 2013 pooled cross-sectional Demographic Health Surveys data. In order to mitigate the potential endogeneity problem of fertility decision, the study explores an exogenous variation in family size by the use of twin births through the use of an instrumental variable (IV) approach. Both the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimate show that having children is positively associated with women's entrepreneurship decision, and there are heterogeneous effects across the subsamples by women's age. The results of this study are robust to using the number of children younger than age five, and the presence of at least one child in the home as alternative definitions of fertility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Ajefu

2019

Rev Econ Household

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“…There are a couple of studies that seem to contradict this. and Guo et al (2018) study the effect of the number of children on families in China. Both studies use data including only complete families.…”

Section: Section A2: Previous Discussion Of Violations Of the Exclusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumental variables based on twin births are by definition not valid (v.3.0)

Öberg¹

2017

Preprint

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Twin births are a well-known and widespread example of a so-called “natural experiment”. Instrumental variables based on twin births have been used in many studies to estimate the causal effect of the number of children on the parents or siblings. I use the potential outcomes framework to show that these instrumental variables do not work as intended. They are fundamentally flawed and will always lead to severely biased estimates without any meaningful interpretation. This has been overlooked in previous research because too little attention has been paid to defining the treatment in this natural experiment. I analyze three different possible interpretations of the treatment and show that they all lead to inherent violations of the necessary assumptions. The effect of the number of on the parents or siblings is a policy relevant and theoretically important issue. The scientific record should therefore be corrected to not lead to misguided decisions.

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“…However, we know from the literature that the causal impact of fertility on female labor supply is weak in China. Studies using twins (Guo et al, 2018) and variation in OCP enforcement (Zhang, 2017) both conclude that changes in fertility do not aect the labor supply of mothers.…”

Section: Alternative Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spillovers in Childbearing Decisions and Fertility Transitions: Evidence from China

Rossi

Xiao

2020

SSRN Journal

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This article uses China's family planning policies to quantify and explain spillovers in fertility decisions. We test whether ethnic minorities decreased their fertility in response to the policies, although only the majority ethnic group, the Han Chinese, were subject to birth quotas. We exploit the policy rollout and variation in pre-policy age-specic fertility levels to construct a measure of the negative shock to Han fertility. Combining this measure with variation in the local share of Han, we estimate that a woman gives birth to 0.65 fewer children if the average completed fertility among her peers is exogenously reduced by one child. The fertility response of minorities is driven by cultural proximity with the Han and by higher educational investments, suggesting that spillovers operate through both social and economic channels. These results provide evidence that social multipliers can accelerate fertility transitions.

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Fertility, household structure, and parental labor supply: Evidence from China

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Instrumental variables based on twin births are by definition not valid (v.3.0)

Spillovers in Childbearing Decisions and Fertility Transitions: Evidence from China

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