Fertility rates and the postponement of first births: a descriptive study with Finnish population data

Roustaei, Zahra; Räisänen, Sari; Gissler, Mika; Heinonen, Seppo

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026336

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Cohort fertility is still fairly close to replacement level in Finland, although at a slightly lower level than in the rest of the Nordic countries, due to high rates of continued childbearing among mothers (Eurostat 2019;Jalovaara et al 2019). Cohort fertility is highest for women who start their childbearing at an early age and decreases with increasing age at first birth (Roustaei et al 2019). In Finland, it has declined slightly among the most recent cohorts: among women born in the 1960s, the CFR fell from nearly 2.0 to 1.9.…”

Section: Fertility In Finland Compared With Other Highincome Countriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

All-time low period fertility in Finland: Demographic drivers, tempo effects, and cohort implications

2020

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The ongoing period fertility decline in the Nordic countries is particularly strong in Finland, where the total fertility rate (TFR) reached an all-time low of 1.41 in 2018. We analyse the decrease in Finland's TFR in 2010-17, and assess its consequences for cohort fertility using complementary approaches. Decomposition of this fertility decline shows that first births and women aged <30 are making the largest contributions. However, women aged 30-39 are also, for the first time in decades, experiencing a sustained fertility decline. Tempo adjustments to the TFR suggest that quantum change is part of the decline. Several forecasting methods indicate that cohort fertility is likely to decline from the long-lasting level of 1.85-1.95 to 1.75 or lower among women born in the mid-1980s. Without an exceptionally strong recovery in fertility, Finnish cohort fertility is likely to decline to levels currently observed among countries with very low fertility.

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Section: Fertility In Finland Compared With Other Highincome Countriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

All-time low period fertility in Finland: Demographic drivers, tempo effects, and cohort implications

2020

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“…Previously, it was reported that in the age group of 30e39 years invasive GAS emm28 infections were strongly associated with women (80%, p < 0.001) [7]. In Finland the fertility rate for women in the 20-to 40-year age group is substantially higher than for younger and older age groups [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetic evolution of invasive emm28 Streptococcus pyogenes strains and significant association with puerperal infections in young women in Finland

Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela

Beres

Hyyryläinen

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Objectives: Streptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus (GAS) is a human specific pathogen that annually infects over 700 million individuals. GAS strains of type emm28 are an abundant cause of invasive infections in Europe and North America. Methods: We conducted a population-based study on bacteraemic emm28 GAS cases in Finland, from 1995 to 2015. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to genetically characterize the bacterial isolates. Bayesian analysis of the population structure was used to define genetic clades. Register-linkage analysis was performed to test for association of emm28 GAS with delivery-or postpartum-related infections. A genome-wide association study was used to search for DNA sequences associated with delivery or puerperal infections. Results: Among 3060 bacteraemic cases reported during the study period, 714 were caused by emm28. Women comprised a majority of cases (59 %, 422/714), and were significantly over-represented (84.4 %, 162/192, p < 0.0001) among cases in the childbearing age group (20e40 years). Register-linkage analysis revealed strong association (p < 0.0001) of emm28 bacteraemias with delivery and puerperium. In this register-linkage analysis, 120 women with GAS bacteraemia were identified and linked to delivery, infections during delivery or puerperium time. Among these the proportion of cases caused by emm28 was significantly higher than any other emm type (55.8%, 67/120, p < 0.0001). Among the four genetic subclades identified, SC1B has dominated among the bacteraemic cases since 2000. Altogether 620 of 653 (94.9%) isolates belonged to SC1B. No specific sequence or genetic clade was found nonrandomly associated with delivery or puerperal infections. Conclusions: Women of childbearing age were significantly overrepresented among bacteraemic emm28 GAS cases, and in particular were strongly associated with delivery and puerperium cases over the 21 years studied. The molecular mechanisms behind these associations are unclear and warrant further investigation.

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“…Indeed, around three-quarters of the decline in fertility in the 2010s can be attributed to women having fewer first children (Hellstrand, Nisén and Myrskylä 2020;Roustaei et al 2019). This trend may be partly explained by the postponement 4 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 of the first birth until higher ages.…”

Section: Falling Fertility In the Nordic Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wish for a child

Rotkirch¹

2020

Populationyearbook

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We quarrel over trivial things, as families do. When I come home from the office, in a country where the sun sets before four in the afternoon wintertime, I like to turn on all the lamps, a behaviour the rest of the household deeply disapproves of. That particular February day in 2020, my 14-year-old daughter switched off a dimmed light exclaiming: "If you continue doing that, I can never have any children!" I snapped back something about her own carbon footprint, and compared the impact of teenage online series binge watching to me enjoying one modest LED lamp. Internally, however, I was stunned, and quietly pleased. While I knew that my daughter would probably like to become a mother, I had not understood that children were such an integral part of her plans for the future. I also sensed a certain optimism in her calculus: even if energy consumption and our current way of life have created a world in which her generation may not feel safe to have children, the situation could, from her point of view, still be changed-the lamp could be switched off. My guess is that such a combination of personal wishes and societal hopes will determine future fertility trends in wealthy, democratic societies like contemporary Finland. Individualistic lifestyles, high living standards and perceived resource scarcity-whether economic, social or psychological-have resulted in young Finns currently both wanting to have and actually having fewer children than previous generations. More worryingly, these conditions also appear to have resulted in growing uncertainty and ambivalence regarding the decision about whether and when to have children. In the wake of the novel coronavirus pandemic, levels of economic hardship will be significant, which could further suppress fertility. However, cognitive and emotional resilience might also grow.

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Fertility rates and the postponement of first births: a descriptive study with Finnish population data

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

All-time low period fertility in Finland: Demographic drivers, tempo effects, and cohort implications

All-time low period fertility in Finland: Demographic drivers, tempo effects, and cohort implications

Genetic evolution of invasive emm28 Streptococcus pyogenes strains and significant association with puerperal infections in young women in Finland

The wish for a child

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