Fertilization of Two-Spotted Spider Mite Mothers Changes Sons

Ohzora, Yousuke; Yano, Shuichi

doi:10.2300/acari.17.87

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To prepare sufficient numbers of males, we used virgin females in this experiment. Since a difference in mating behaviour has been observed between males from virgin females and males from fertilized females (Ohzora and Yano 2008), we confirmed if the males from virgin females show the premating behaviours that we observed in the videos made earlier. We collected 20 teleiochrysalis females from our mite culture, and introduced them onto a 5 × 5 cm kidney bean leaf placed on wet cotton wool in a plastic box.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Alternative phenotypes of male mating behaviour in the two-spotted spider mite

et al. 2013

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Severe intraspecific competition for mates selects for aggressive individuals but may also lead to the evolution of alternative phenotypes that do not act aggressively, yet manage to acquire matings. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, shows male mate-guarding behaviour and male–male combat for available females. This may provide opportunity for weaker males to avoid fighting by adopting alternative mating behaviour such as sneaker or satellite tactics as observed in other animals. We investigated male precopulatory behaviour in the two-spotted spider mite by means of video-techniques and found three types of male mating behaviour: territorial, sneaker and opportunistic. Territorial and sneaker males associate with female teleiochrysales and spend much time guarding them. Territorial males are easily disturbed by rival males and engage themselves in fights with them. However, sneaker males are not at all disturbed by rival males, never engage in fights and, strikingly, never face attack by territorial males. Opportunistic males wander around in search of females that are in the teleiochrysalis stage but very close to or at emergence. To quickly classify any given mate-guarding male as territorial or sneaker we developed a method based on the instantaneous response of males to disturbance by a live male mounted on top of a brush. We tested this method against the response of the same males to natural disturbance by two or three other males. Because this method proved to be successful, we used it to collect territorial and sneaker males, and subjected them to morphological analysis to assess whether the various behavioural phenotypes are associated with different morphological characters. However, we found no statistical differences between territorial and sneaker males, concerning the length of the first legs, the stylets, the pedipalps or the body.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10493-013-9673-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Alternative phenotypes of male mating behaviour in the two-spotted spider mite

et al. 2013

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“…Since T. urticae is arrhenotokous, virgin females can produce only sons, while mated females can produce both daughters and sons. There are some behavioural differences between males arising from virgin females and males arising from mated females in T. urticae (Ohzora and Yano 2008). Therefore, only males arising from virgin females were used in this study.…”

Section: Mitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Males of the two-spotted spider mite attempt to copulate with mated females: effects of double mating on fitness of either sex

Oku

2009

Exp Appl Acarol

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In Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), when the intervals between first and second copulation are more than 24 h, only the first copulation is effective for females. Therefore, adult males should copulate only with virgin females, but not with females that copulated more than 1 day ago. Indeed, T. urticae males preferred virgin females to mated females under dual choice conditions. In the absence of virgin females, however, 60% of males copulated with mated females (n = 30). Therefore, the effects of male copulation behaviour on male and mated-female fitness were examined, respectively. Since T. urticae is arrhenotokous (i.e., only daughters have genes derived from their father), the proportion of females among the offspring was used as an index of male fitness. After males had lived with/without a mated female, the males were allowed to copulate with a virgin female. The proportion of females among the offspring did not differ between males with and without a female. On the other hand, when mated females lived with an adult male, their egg production was lower than mated females without a male. These results suggest that males do not seem to obtain fitness benefit from the copulation behaviour and that mated females incur a fitness cost due to the male behaviour.

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“…In principle, larger males have advantages in male-male competition (Andersson 1994;Emlen 2008;Hunt et al 2009;Suzaki et al 2013;Shelly 2018). Ohzora and Yano (2008) reveal that although size is not measured, sons from virgin mothers disperse faster and start guarding females sooner than those from mated mothers in T. urticae, suggesting that the former may have better mating success than the latter. However, our data from the two mate competition tests do not support this notion because larger SVF and smaller SMF had the same mating success when they were allowed to compete for a female ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have investigated the effect of maternal mating status on offspring performance in a haplodiploid mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. In one study, sons produced by virgin females appear to be able to find their mates more quickly than males produced by mated females (Ohzora & Yano 2008). In another study, however, maternal mating status does not affect mate-searching behaviour of males (Oku & van den Beuken 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sons from virgin mothers produce more daughters in a haplodiploid mite

Zhou

Wang

2018

saa

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Population size can be very small in the newly invaded/introduced site or front edge of population expansion where mates are difficult to find. This scenario can lead to extinction of a local population in many animal species. However, when it happens to a haplodiploid animal, individual virgin females may adjust their strategies to produce sons of greater reproductive success such as higher mating success and fertility, which may help increase the chance of establishment. Here we investigated how maternal mating status affected sons’ reproductive success in a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, a cosmopolitan pest of many crops. We show that virgin females laid significantly larger eggs than mated females, giving rise to larger deutonymphs and adults, but mating status of mothers had no influence on mating success and longevity of their sons. We provide the first empirical evidence in a haplodiploid mite that virgin mothers adjusted their resource allocations to yield sons that produced more daughters at a higher rate.

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Fertilization of Two-Spotted Spider Mite Mothers Changes Sons

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Alternative phenotypes of male mating behaviour in the two-spotted spider mite

Alternative phenotypes of male mating behaviour in the two-spotted spider mite

Males of the two-spotted spider mite attempt to copulate with mated females: effects of double mating on fitness of either sex

Sons from virgin mothers produce more daughters in a haplodiploid mite

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