Fertilizer Nitrogen Distribution Under Irrigation Between Soil, Plant, and Aquifer

Gerwing, James R.; Caldwell, A. C.; Goodroad, L. L.

doi:10.2134/jeq1979.00472425000800030003x

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Yield-based recommendations in common use for corn production during the past three decades rely on the premise that fertilization, rather than indigenous soil N availability, is the major source for crop uptake. Yet this premise is inconsistent with considerable evidence from 15 N-tracer investigations that plant uptake is generally more extensive for soil than fertilizer N when corn is grown to maturity with typical or even excessive fertilization (e.g., IAEA, 1970;Chichester and Smith, 1978;Bigeriego et al, 1979;Gerwing et al, 1979;Olson, 1980;Kitur et al, 1984;Blackmer and Sanchez, 1988;Timmons and Cruse, 1990;Balabane and Balesdent, 1992;Reddy and Reddy, 1993;Torbert et al, 1993;Jokela and Randall, 1997;Tran et al, 1997;Omay et al, 1998;Stevens et al, 2005). Such evidence is substantiated by on-farm N-response studies because there is often a limited diff erence, if any, between fertilized and unfertilized (check) plot yields (e.g., IAEA, 1970;Bundy and Malone, 1988;Blackmer et al, 1989Blackmer et al, , 1992Fox et al, 1989;Meisinger et al, 1992;Schmitt and Randall, 1994;Brown, 1996;Khan et al, 2001;Mulvaney et al, 2001Mulvaney et al, , 2006Lory and Scharf, 2003), nor is there a meaningful correlation (r 2 < 0.02) between economically optimum yield and N rate Lory and Scharf, 2003;Mulvaney et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Yield-based Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration

et al. 2007

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Intensive use of N fertilizer, in modern agricultue is motivated by the economic value of high grain yields and is generally perceived to sequester soil organic C by increasing the input of crop residues. This perception is at odds with a century of soil organic C data reported herein for the Morrow Plots, the world's oldest experimental site under continuous corn (Zea mays L.).After 40 to 50 yr of synthetic fertilization that exceeded grain N removal by 60 to 190%, a net decline occurred in soil C despite increasingly massive residue C incorporation, the decline being more extensive for a corn-soybean (Glycine mwv L. Merr.) or corn-oats (Avena sativa L)-hay rotation than for continuous corn and of greater intensity for the profile (0-46 cm) than the surface soil. TIhese findings implicate fertilizer N in promoting the decomposition of crop residues and soil organic matter and are consistent with data from numerous cropping experiments involving synthetic N fertilization in the USA Corn Belt and elsewhere, although not with the interpretation usually provided. There are imporrant implications for soil C sequestration because the yield-based input of fertilizer N has commonly exceeded grain N removal for corn production on fertile soils since the 1960s. To mitigate the ongoing consequences of soil deterioration, atmospheric CO 2 enrichment, and NO,-pollution of ground and surface waters,,N fertilization should be managed by site-specific assessment of soilN availability. Current fertilizer N managemrent practices, if combined with corn stover removal for bioenergy production, exacerbate soil C loss.

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Section: The Yield-based Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration

et al. 2007

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“…Split applications of nitrogen can reduce the amount of leachable nitrogen as compared to a single application (31). Fall applications of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be avoided.…”

Section: Proper Application Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing impacts of nonpoint source pollution from agriculture: A review

Ritter

1988

Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environme

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Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture affects both surface water and ground-water quality. Water quality degradation is caused by erosion and sediment, animal wastes, fertilizers and pesticides.Best management practices that control runoff and erosion will reduce particulate nitrogen and phosphorus loads but may increase nitrate losses in subsurface drainage. Only applying enough nutrients to meet crop needs will reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Nonpoint source pollution from animal agriculture may result from animals grazing, open animal confinement feedlots, and manure disposal areas. In most cases pollution from feedlots is greater than from manure application sites or grazing areas.Pesticides with solubilities of greater than 10 ppm are lost mainly in the water phase of runoff. Runoff and erosion control best management practices will reduce pesticide losses in surface runoff.

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“…Conversely, low recovery of applied N by the crop can augment N loss to the environment. Results from a study by Gerwing et al (1979) in central Minnesota confirmed that maintaining high N RE would minimize the amount of N subject to leaching. In potato production, fertilizer N recoveries commonly range between 30 and 70% (Hill, 1986; Errebhi et al, 1998; Meyer and Marcum, 1998).…”

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confidence: 92%

Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Recovery Following Application of Polyolefin‐Coated Urea to Potato

et al. 2003

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High N fertilizer and irrigation amounts applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on coarse-textured soils often result in nitrate (NO3) leaching and low recovery of applied fertilizer N. This 3-yr study compared the effects of two rates (140 and 280 kg N ha(-1)) of a single polyolefin-coated urea (PCU) application versus split applications of urea on 'Russet Burbank' potato yield and on NO3 leaching and N recovery efficiency (RE) on a loamy sand. Standard irrigation was applied in all years and excessive irrigation was used in another experiment in the third year. At the recommended rate of 280 kg N ha(-1), NO3 leaching during the growing season was 34 to 49% lower with PCU than three applications of urea. Under standard irrigation in the third year, leaching from five applications of urea (280 kg N ha(-1)) was 38% higher than PCU. Under leaching conditions in the first year (> or = 25 mm drainage water in at least one 24-h period) and excessive irrigation in the third year, PCU at 280 kg N ha(-1) improved total and marketable tuber yields by 12 to 19% compared with three applications of urea. Fertilizer N RE estimated by the difference and 15N isotope methods at the 280 kg N ha(-1) rate was, on average, higher with PCU (mean 50%) than urea (mean 43%). Fertilizer N RE values estimated by the isotope method (mean 51%) were greater than those estimated by the difference method (mean 47%). Results from this study indicate that PCU can reduce leaching and improve N recovery and tuber yield during seasons with high leaching.

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Fertilizer Nitrogen Distribution Under Irrigation Between Soil, Plant, and Aquifer

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration

The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration

Reducing impacts of nonpoint source pollution from agriculture: A review

Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Recovery Following Application of Polyolefin‐Coated Urea to Potato

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