Fertilizer use efficiency

Effect of Foliar Micronutrients (B, Mn, Fe, Zn) on Maize Grain Yield, Micronutrient Recovery, Uptake, and Partitioning

“…Whether most of the foliar treatment is falling to the soil or being recovered by the plant and suppressing soil uptake remains unresolved. What these data show is that foliar applications of micronutrients have a low ANR and the overall micronutrient status of the plant tissue per unit of applied micronutrient is usually less than 20% which similar but slightly higher than soil applications [17,18]. However, this small increase in ANR may be critical if maize micronutrient status is near the critical level at a critical growth stage.…”

“…Knowledge of the dynamics of micronutrient accumulation to sink organs and the fate of foliar-applied micronutrients at specific growth stages would provide a useful tool to deliver micronutrients more efficiently to meet demand. For many crops, soil micronutrient recovery efficiency ranges from only 5-10%, however there is a lack of data on the recovery efficiency of foliar-applied micronutrients applied at different rates and growth stages in maize production [17][18][19]. As leaves develop, they transition from nutrient importing sink organs to nutrient exporting source organs.…”

Multifunctional Borax Cross-Linked Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum Hydrogels with Crop Nutritional Function as Carriers for Dual-Responsive Acaricide Release

“…Cyetpyrafen (CPF, CAS No. 1253429-01-4, Figure b) is a novel and highly efficient pyrazole acaricide, which has low toxicity to mammals and shows significantly highly efficient acaricidal activity. , Delivery of the pesticide along with plant nutrients through a single carrier had higher efficacy compared to their separate applications in the previous reports. , This study seeks to develop a smart delivery system using a plant nutrient (BO) as one of the structural components of the hydrogel, which can release the crop nutrient and pesticide (CPF) simultaneously in practical agricultural applications. The preparation parameters and loading content of the CBG (cyetpyrafen-loaded BO cross-linked HPG, CBG) hydrogel were optimized, and multiple properties, including pH- and temperature-sensitive release properties, and efficacy against Panonychus citri (McGregor) (P.…”

Genetic and agronomic biofortification of zinc in sweetcorn

“…These agronomic practices that help to deliver a biofortification outcome have been collectively called agronomic biofortification, and commonly consist of soil and foliar fertiliser applications (Cakmak, 2008). Soil fertiliser is the most common and effective means of supplying mass amounts of nutrients to crops (Fageria et al, 2009), while foliar fertiliser is often recommended as a means of bypassing the problems of nutrient fixation (Kolota and Osinska, 2001), avoiding micronutrient toxicity in cropped soils (Alexander and Schroeder, 1987) or correcting marginal micronutrient deficiencies in a short period of time.…”

“…For soil-applied Zn, these include (i) large spatial and temporal variability in phytoavailability of soil Zn; (ii) soil Zn is rapidly fixed into forms that are unavailable to plants; (iii) mobility of soil Zn is poor and therefore not readily transported down or distributed across the soil profile; and (iv) variability in efficiency of different forms of Zn fertiliser at delivering Zn (Marschner, 1995, Rengel et al, 1999. The efficacy of foliar-applied Zn is also dependent on a suite of factors including (i) low penetration and high run-off rates on leaves which are thick or have hydrophobic waxy surfaces; (ii) rapid drying of fertiliser solutions leading to leaf scorching and damage; (iii) fixation and retention of Zn by the leaf cuticle; and (iv) absorbed Zn is not efficiently remobilised and translocated within the plant (Alexander and Schroeder, 1987, Ferrandon and Chamel, 1988, Fageria et al, 2009. These factors may limit the effectiveness of agronomic Zn biofortification to certain well-defined circumstances, and a combination of soil-and foliar-applied Zn would likely be necessary for maximising Zn accumulation in food crops.…”