Fetal 5‐hydroxytryptamine Levels in Late Pregnancy

Jones, Ilona; Rowsell, Alison

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1973.tb16050.x

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This amine also produces powerful contractions, greater than other agents, in human and animal umbilical or placental vessels (Dyer, 1970;Altura et al, 1972;Nair & Dyer, 1974;Tulenko, 1979;Mak et al, 1984;Maigaard et al, 1986). In addition, it has been demonstrated that the concentration of 5-HT in the maternal blood and blood present in umbilical vessels at term (vaginal delivery) is around 10-7M (in both cases measured in the whole blood) (O' Reilly & Loncin, 1967;Jones & Rowsell, 1973), i.e., similar to our EC50 values for 5-HT on chorionic vessels. It has been suggested that 5-HT may contribute to spasm and closure of the umbilical vessels after birth (Tulenko, 1979;Mak et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might trigger 5-HT release from uterine and placental stores and induce delivery (Koren et al, 1965), and contraction of placental vessels. The increase in placental 5-HT concentration is probably due to an augmentation in the production of 5-HT in the developing foetus, since the placenta appears to lack the ability to synthesize 5-HT (Jones & Rowsell, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on human isolated placental chorionic arteries and veins

Reviriego

Marı́n

1989

British J Pharmacology

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Spain1 Effects of 5-hydroxytrypamine (5-HT) on cylindrical segments of human chorionic arteries and veins were investigated. Concentrations of 5-HT (up to 3 x 10-6 M) produced concentrationdependent contractions; higher concentrations induced a reduction of the maximal response. These responses were antagonized by methysergide and ketanserin in a non-competitive manner. The contractions elicited by low 5-HT concentrations were more affected by methysergide (10-7M) than by ketanserin (10-7M). Ketanserin apparently increased the responses to high 5-HT concentrations in veins. Arteries appeared to be more sensitive to both drugs than veins. Single concentrations of 5-HT elicited transient contractions in both kinds of vessel. 2 Marked tachyphylaxis was seen in segments exposed to high concentrations of 5-HT or in which a concentration-response curve was determined. 3 Contractions induced by 5-HT were reduced in a Ca2+-free medium. Veins were more affected by the Ca2+ antagonists, nifedipine (10-7M), nicardipine (10-M) and diltiazem (10-5M) than arteries.4 5-HT (10-6M) enhanced "Ca21 uptake in those vessels in which a concentration-response curve had not been previously determined. In veins, this increase was reduced by the three Ca2+ antagonists. 5 The results indicate that 5-HT responses in these vessels were greatly dependent on extracellular Ca2+. A type of 5-HT,-receptor may mediate responses to low 5-HT concentrations, while higher concentrations may activate 5-HT2-receptors. 5-HT may desensitize the latter by interconversion between a high affinity and low affinity state, as suggested by others, a change prevented in part by ketanserin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on human isolated placental chorionic arteries and veins

Reviriego

Marı́n

1989

British J Pharmacology

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“…Increased concentrations of 5-HT have been reported at birth in maternal and placental circulation [25] , indicating a role for 5-HT in maintaining vascular tone at birth. In pre-eclampsia, Middelkoop et al [26] showed an increase in maternal circulation of 5-HT in pre-eclamptic patients, suggesting a role for 5-HT in the aetiology of pre-eclampsia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Maternal Ketanserin Treatment on Foetal 5-HT Receptor Function in Umbilical Cord Artery of Pre-Eclamptic Patients

Hanff¹,

Gupta²,

MaassenVanDenBrink³

et al. 2007

Neonatology

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Background: Maternal treatment with the 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (KT) in pre-eclamptic patients is associated with a high placental transmission of KT, resulting in pharmacologically active levels of KT in the umbilical cord artery (UCA) and the neonate. Prolonged exposure to a 5-HT receptor antagonist may influence the functionality of foetal 5-HT receptors and compromise foetal development. Objective: To study whether exposure to KT influences the characteristics of foetal 5-HT receptors, functional studies were performed on 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_1B/1D receptors in UCA from pre-eclamptic patients treated with KT. Methods: UCAs were obtained, immediately after delivery, from pre-eclamptic patients (n = 7), treated antenatally with intravenous KT. Pre-eclamptic patients (n = 13), not treated with KT (non-KT), were included as a control group. Segments of UCA were prepared and mounted in tissue baths and isometric force changes were determined. Cumulative concentration response curves to 5-HT and to the 5-HT_1B/1Dreceptor agonist sumatriptan were constructed in the absence or presence of the 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist KT or the 5-HT_1B/1D receptor antagonist GR125743, respectively. Results: All UCA segments showed contractile responses to both 5-HT and sumatriptan, and the concentration response curves showed a rightward shift with increasing concentrations of KT and GR125743, respectively, indicating the presence of functional 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_1B/1D receptors in the foetal tissue. No significant differences were found in maximum response (E_max)(expressed in percent of response on 100 mM KCl) or potency (pEC₅₀) of 5-HT in both groups (E_max = 141 ± 7.7%, pEC₅₀ = 7.67 ± 0.26 in KT-treated group and E_max = 162 ± 12.6%, pEC₅₀ = 7.69 ± 0.14 in non-KT treated group, respectively). No significant differences were found in the potency of the antagonist KT in both study groups (pK_b = 7.65 ± 0.31 in KT group and 7.46 ± 0.17 in non-KT group, respectively). Similarly, with sumatriptan, no significant differences were found between KT-treated patients and non-KT treated patients (E_max = 142 ± 16.2 and 140 ± 14.7%, respectively, pEC₅₀ = 6.17 ± 0.37 and 6.41 ± 0.28 respectively, pK_b of GR125743 = 7.83 ± 0.48 and 8.43 ± 0.29, respectively). Conclusion: Foetal exposure to KT in pre-eclamptic patients does not seem to influence the functional characteristics of 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_1B/1D receptors in the UCA.

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“…Serotonin concentrations in rats increase in the hypothalamus, rhinencephalon, and mesencephalon during pregnancy (15). It is of interest that the fetus produces much of the serotonin observed in pregnancy (16); this perhaps suggests an evolutionary advantage to the inhibition of self-destructive behaviors by the mother.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower risk of suicide during pregnancy

1997

AJP

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A lthough the puerperium has been associated with higher risks of depression and psychosis (1), pregnancy has been considered a relatively quiescent emotional period (2). However, pregnant women experience higher rates of depressive, anxiety, and psychosomatic symptoms and lower levels of social adjustment than nonpregnant women of childbearing age (3, 4), and they might be expected to have a higher risk of suicide. Nonetheless, case series and death certificate reviews (3, 5, 6) have found that very few pregnant women commit suicide.Only two studies have calculated age-adjusted standardized mortality ratios for pregnant women. A British study (7) found that pregnant women were 1/20th as likely to commit suicide as nonpregnant women of childbearing age (standardized mortality ratio=0.05). Another study, in New York City (8), found a standardized mortality ratio of 0.62, which, although suggestive of lower risk, was not statistically significant. Therefore, we manually reviewed medical examiner case files, having hypothesized that pregnancy would be associated with a substantially lower risk of suicide. This finding would be intriguing because it may suggest that pregnancy could be a model for exploring protective factors against suicide in women in general. METHODAll cases of suicide among female residents of New York City, 10-44 years old, from 1990 to 1993 were studied. To be considered a case, an individual had to have been certified as a suicide (diagnoses E950-959 in ICD-9) by the New York City Chief Medical Examiner. Pregnancy was determined by complete autopsy, including examination of the uterine lining and contents, and by forensic investigation, including interviews with witnesses and treating physicians as well as review of medical records. For the few women who did not undergo autopsy, pregnancy was assessed by external examination and forensic investigation. Suicide rates, expressed per 100,000 person-years, were calculated in 5-year age groups from age 10 to age 44 for each of four racial-ethnic groups for each year. Population denominators for these calculations were obtained from the 1990 U.S. Census (9). The numbers of live births, spontaneous abortions, and induced abortions were provided by the New York City Health Department for each of these demographic strata for each year for city residents.To calculate the expected number of suicides of pregnant women, the number of person-years of pregnancy was determined by using the numbers of both live births and abortions. We assumed that women who had live births during the study period were pregnant for 38 of the 52 weeks in a year. Because 90% of spontaneous and induced abortions occur during the first trimester (9), we assumed that women who had either type of abortion had been pregnant for 12 of the 52 weeks of the year. To guard against overestimating the expected number of suicides of pregnant women, we also calculated the number of person-years of pregnancy solely on the basis of the number of live births. The expected number of suicides of p...

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Fetal 5‐hydroxytryptamine Levels in Late Pregnancy

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on human isolated placental chorionic arteries and veins

Effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on human isolated placental chorionic arteries and veins

The Effect of Maternal Ketanserin Treatment on Foetal 5-HT Receptor Function in Umbilical Cord Artery of Pre-Eclamptic Patients

Lower risk of suicide during pregnancy

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