Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: An International Perspective

Warren, K. S.; Calhoun, Faye; May, Philip A.; Viljoen, Denis; Li, Ting‐Kai; Tanaka, Harumi; Marinicheva, Galina S.; Robinson, Luther K.; Mundle, Götz

doi:10.1097/00000374-200105051-00033

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Women who drink alcohol during pregnancy are at a high risk of giving birth to children with physical, behavioral or cognitive developmental problems that can persist as lifelong disabilities called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) (Warren et al 2001). Alcohol is a neurotoxic teratogen and many studies have shown that alcohol exposure has the potential to cause damage in different regions of the developing brain (Caetano et al 2006; Sawant et al 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of l-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in gestating ewes exposed to alcohol

et al. 2014

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Not much is known about effects of gestational alcohol exposure on maternal and fetal cardiovascular adaptations. This study determined whether maternal binge alcohol exposure and L-glutamine supplementation could affect maternal-fetal hemodynamics and fetal regional brain blood flow during the brain growth spurt period. Pregnant sheep were randomly assigned to one of four groups: saline control, alcohol (1.75–2.5 g/kg body weight), glutamine (100 mg/kg body weight) or alcohol + glutamine. A chronic weekend binge drinking paradigm between gestational days (GD) 99 and 115 was utilized. Fetuses were surgically instrumented on GD 117 ± 1 and studied on GD 120 ± 1. Binge alcohol exposure caused maternal acidemia, hypercapnea, and hypoxemia. Fetuses were acidemic and hypercapnic, but not hypoxemic. Alcohol exposure increased fetal mean arterial pressure, whereas fetal heart rate was unaltered. Alcohol exposure resulted in ~40 % reduction in maternal uterine artery blood flow. Labeled microsphere analyses showed that alcohol induced >2-fold increases in fetal whole brain blood flow. The elevation in fetal brain blood flow was region-specific, particularly affecting the developing cerebellum, brain stem, and olfactory bulb. Maternal L-glutamine supplementation attenuated alcohol-induced maternal hypercapnea, fetal acidemia and increases in fetal brain blood flow. L-Glutamine supplementation did not affect uterine blood flow. Collectively, alcohol exposure alters maternal and fetal acid–base balance, decreases uterine blood flow, and alters fetal regional brain blood flow. Importantly, L-glutamine supplementation mitigates alcohol-induced acid–base imbalances and alterations in fetal regional brain blood flow. Further studies are warranted to elucidate mechanisms responsible for alcohol-induced programming of maternal uterine artery and fetal circulation adaptations in pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of l-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in gestating ewes exposed to alcohol

et al. 2014

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“…Alcohol misuse in pregnancy is also frequently associated with other conditions that can potentially increase the brain damage such as poor nutrition and smoking (Chen et al, 1998;Culverhouse et al, 2005;Gianoulakis, 1998;Lieber, 2003;Okosun et al, 2005;Raine, 2002). An extensive experimental and clinical literature shows that alcohol misuse results in fetal brain neurotoxicity associated with life-long behavioural, social and cognitive impairments (Chen et al, 2003;Goodlett et al, 2005;Guerri, 2002;Olney, 2004;Warren et al, 2001). Only a small proportion of children born to mothers with alcohol misuse fulfil the diagnostic criteria for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), which include facial dysmorphology, growth retardation and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction .…”

Section: The Effects Of Alcohol Misuse On Brain Growth and Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of alcohol misuse, malnutrition and genetic susceptibility on brain growth and plasticity

Guerrini

Thomson

Gurling

2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…A large fraction of institutionalized children have FAS in Japan, Germany, and Russia, where research is ongoing (Warren et al, 2001).…”

Section: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Fas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol misuse by women

Redgrave

Swartz

Romanoski

2003

International Review of Psychiatry

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Alcohol misuse among women is an important and growing problem. There is epidemiological and metabolic evidence that risk factors for and consequences of alcohol misuse are significantly different for women than for men. Understanding these differences is imperative if effective preventative and treatment interventions are to be undertaken. This article reviews the epidemiology of alcohol misuse by women, effects of alcohol misuse on women, fetuses, and relationships, and assessment and treatment strategies. We then suggest directions for future research in this field.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: An International Perspective

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of l-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in gestating ewes exposed to alcohol

Effects of l-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in gestating ewes exposed to alcohol

The importance of alcohol misuse, malnutrition and genetic susceptibility on brain growth and plasticity

Alcohol misuse by women

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