Fetal alcohol syndrome: case report and review of the literature

Itthagarun, Anut; Nair, Raj; Epstein, Joel B.; King, Nigel M.

doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.09.016

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Case reports that document FAS pregnancies in women that drink ethanol only during the first trimester or only until a positive pregnancy test (e.g. Itthagarun et al, 2007) support the hypothesis that the early stages of pregnancy are significantly affected by alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy will prevent FAS, however, by the time pregnancies are confirmed, major embryonic events may have already occurred (Smith, 1997). Case reports that document FAS pregnancies in women that drink ethanol only during the first trimester or only until a positive pregnancy test (e.g., Itthagarun et al, 2007) support the hypothesis that the early stages of pregnancy are significantly affected by alcohol consumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

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Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, and Estradiol Affect Growth and Differentiation of Rhesus Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells

VandeVoort¹,

Hill

Chaffin

et al. 2011

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

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Background The timing of the origins of fetal alcohol syndrome have been difficult to determine, in part because of the challenge associated with in vivo studies of the peri-implantation stage of embryonic development. Because embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from blastocyst stage embryos, they are used as a model for early embryo development. Methods Rhesus monkey ESC lines (ORMES-6 and -7) were treated with 0, 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1.0% ethanol, 1.0% ethanol with estradiol or 0.00025% acetaldehyde with or without estradiol for 4 weeks. Results Although control ESCs remained unchanged, abnormal morphology of ESCs in the ethanol and acetaldehyde treatment groups was observed before 2 weeks of treatment. Immunofluorescence staining of key pluripotency markers ( TRA-1- 81 and alkaline phosphatase) indicated a loss of ESC pluripotency in the 1.0% ethanol group. ORMES-7 was more sensitive to effects of ethanol than ORMES-6. Conclusions Estradiol appeared to increase sensitivity to ethanol in the ORMES-6 and -7 cell line. The morphological changes and labeling for pluripotency, proliferation and apoptosis demonstrated that ethanol affects how these early cells develop in culture, their differentiation state in particular. The effects of ethanol may be mediated in part through metabolic pathways regulating acetaldehyde formation, and while potentially accentuated by estradiol in some individuals, how remains to be determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, and Estradiol Affect Growth and Differentiation of Rhesus Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells

VandeVoort¹,

Hill

Chaffin

et al. 2011

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

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“…According to Abel and Sokol [1] alcohol exposure in utero is ranked as the leading known cause of mental retardation. A wide variety of FAS-related anomalies have been reported in the literature [2,7,13,14,24,31] . A specifi c pattern of birth defects has been described in several studies [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Functioning in Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol and Psychotropic Drugs

et al. 2009

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Cognitive functioning was compared in 29 children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 35 children with fetal alcohol effects (FAE), and 66 psychotropic drugs-exposed (PDE) children using Wechsler tests and the neuropsychological test battery NEPSY. In the FAS group, verbal IQ (VIQ=78), performance IQ (PIQ=77), and full scale IQ (FSIQ=75) were significantly lower as compared to the FAE and PDE groups. In the PDE group VIQ and FSIQ were significantly higher than in the FAE group. In the FAS group, processing speed (PS) was significantly lower than the other three factors. In the FAE group, perceptual organization (PO) was significantly higher, whereas PS was significantly lower than the other factors. In the PDE group, verbal comprehension (VC) was significantly higher than the other factors. Attention subscales on the NEPSY were significantly lower in all the three groups. Prenatal alcohol exposure affects IQ levels more than exposure to psychotropic drugs. Attentional problems were found in all children when tested with the NEPSY in all groups.

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“…All 74 articles were selected through the titles and abstracts and 29 records were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Of the excluded records, 65 did not focus on the presence of dental anomalies in the FAS, of which 4 were reports of animal tests, 47 reported facial changes without anomalies mentions and 11 were deemed irrelevant to the topic, resulting in 9 papers that met the search criteria, classified as follows: 3 case series, 3 case reports, 2 original research article and 1 letter to the editor [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. All cited and selected papers had in their methodology and in their discussion the focus on showing oral, facial and systemic alterations in patients with FAS (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. A systematic review

Andrade¹,

Pedraza²,

Martellil³

et al. 2020

J Dent Res Pract

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Background: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the set of signs and symptoms presented by the fetus resulting from maternal alcohol ingestion during pregnancy and preconception periods, such as growth deficit, facial features alterations and delayed neuropsychomotor development, as well as dental anomalies.Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the different dental anomalies associated with FAS.Methods: A Medline search for "fetal alcohol syndrome and dental anomalies" was performed. Further research was conducted for "fetal alcohol syndrome" and its individual oral manifestation. The inclusion criteria were: human clinical studies without a minimum of stipulated patients. Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed accordingly to PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews.Results: A total of 211 patients with FAS were included in the analyzed studies. The nine studies analyzed included case reports, case series and a review on the subject. Cardiac, respiratory, renal and cognitive defects were the main systemic manifestations, while the main dental abnormalities found were malocclusions, misplaced teeth in the dental arch, tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Conclusion:Although Oral and systemic manifestations are always found in patients with FAS, such common dental anomalies are poorly documented and insufficiently described, and given the importance of such aspects for the patient's health, we suggest that more studies on this subject are necessary to describe the possible consequences from those anomalies.

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Fetal alcohol syndrome: case report and review of the literature

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, and Estradiol Affect Growth and Differentiation of Rhesus Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells

Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, and Estradiol Affect Growth and Differentiation of Rhesus Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells

Cognitive Functioning in Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol and Psychotropic Drugs

Dental anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. A systematic review

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