Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adolescents and Adults

Streissguth, Ann P.; Aase, Jon M.; Clarren, Sterling K.; Randels, Sandra P.; LaDue, Robin A.; Smith, David F.

doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03460150065025

Cited by 717 publications

(352 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…173,174 Adverse psychosocial, behavioral, physical, and intellectual consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure continue into adulthood. 175 Although extremely low-level alcohol consumption (i.e., 1 drink every 10 days, or less) might be safe during pregnancy, 176 women should be advised to abstain before conception and during pregnancy because of the variability in fetal vulnerability to alcohol. 27,177 Infertility.…”

Section: Alcohol-related Consequences Unique To Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical risks for women who drink alcohol

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE:To summarize for clinicians recent epidemiologic evidence regarding medical risks of alcohol use for women.METHODS: MEDLINE and PsychINFO, 1990 through 1996, were searched using key words "women" or "woman," and "alcohol." MEDLINE was also searched for other specific topics and authors from 1980 through 1996. Data were extracted and reviewed regarding levels of alcohol consumption associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, injury, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, fetal alcohol syndrome, spontaneous abortion, infertility, menstrual symptoms, breast cancer, and gynecologic malignancies. Gender-specific data from cohort studies of general population or large clinical samples are primarily reviewed. MAIN RESULTS:Women develop many alcohol-related medical problems at lower levels of consumption than men, probably reflecting women's lower total body water, gender differences in alcohol metabolism, and effects of alcohol on postmenopausal estrogen levels. Mortality and breast cancer are increased in women who report drinking more than two drinks daily. Higher levels of alcohol consumption by women are associated with increased menstrual symptoms, hypertension, and stroke. Women who drink heavily also appear to have increased infertility and spontaneous abortion. Adverse fetal effects occur after variable amounts of alcohol consumption, making any alcohol use during pregnancy potentially harmful. CONCLUSIONS:In general, advising nonpregnant women who drink alcohol to have fewer than two drinks daily is strongly supported by the epidemiologic literature, although specific recommendations for a particular woman should depend on her medical history and risk factors. L ess than three quarters of women in the UnitedStates drink alcohol, and those who do drink consume fewer drinks and less absolute alcohol than men. 1 However, at similar levels of self-reported alcohol consumption, the risk of psychosocial problems or dependence is greater for women than men (for definitions, see Appendix A). [2][3][4][5][6] Women also appear to develop alcohol abuse and dependence after fewer years of drinking than men. 7 Although only 4% to 5% of women in the U.S. general population meet criteria for past-year alcohol abuse or dependence, 8,9 9% of female primary care patients in some studies have reported recent heavy drinking or alcohol-related problems. 10,11 Many heavy drinkers decrease consumption following brief interventions that include explicit advice about safe drinking limits. [12][13][14] In addition, offering feedback about specific risks or consequences of their drinking to patients who drink heavily can help motivate them to decrease alcohol consumption or seek treatment. 15,16 Physicians report they would be more likely to advise patients about safe drinking practices if they were more confident of their knowledge about safe levels of alcohol consumption. 17 Women who drink more than two drinks daily on average, or who frequently drink five or more d...

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Section: Alcohol-related Consequences Unique To Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical risks for women who drink alcohol

et al. 1998

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“…Despite the prevalence of the condition, this population is underdiagnosed and associated deficits are not fully understood. Increasing evidence confirms neurocognitive deficits in exposed individuals, even in the absence of facial dysmorphology and growth abnormality (e.g., Streissguth et al, 1991) required for diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (Bertrand et al, 2004;Hoyme et al, 2005;Stratton et al, 1996). Terminology has evolved to describe exposed populations with varying degrees of effects, focusing on the extensive and debilitating cognitive effects that may occur with such exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Finally, behavioral data suggest that FASD and ADHD populations show deficits in global adaptive abilities associated with EF. For example, individuals with FASD demonstrate maladaptive social behaviors, including failure to consider consequences and impaired understanding of social cues (Streissguth et al, 1991). Similarly, behavioral characteristics in children with ADHD (impulsivity, poor planning and judgment, distractibility) have been compared with those seen in persons with frontal lobe damage (Scheres et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in executive functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Vaurio

Riley

Mattson

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Children with either fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) or attention-deficit0hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display deficits in attention and executive function (EF) and differential diagnosis of these two clinical groups may be difficult, especially when information about prenatal alcohol exposure is unavailable. The current study compared EF performance of three groups: children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (ALC); nonexposed children with attention-deficit0hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and typically developing controls (CON). Both clinical groups met diagnostic criteria for ADHD. The EF tasks used were the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results indicated different patterns of deficit; both clinical groups displayed deficits on the WCST and a relative weakness on letter versus category fluency. Only the ALC group displayed overall deficits on letter fluency and a relative weakness on TMT-B versus TMT-A. In addition, WCST performance was significantly lower than expected based on IQ in the ADHD group and significantly higher than expected in the ALC group. These results, which indicate that, although EF deficits occurred in both clinical groups, the degree and pattern of deficit differed between the ALC and ADHD groups, may improve differential diagnosis. (JINS, 2008, 14, 119-129.)

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“…15,16 The inability to attain appropriate social skills can lead to a lack of social relationships, employment problems, trouble with the law, inappropriate sexual behavior, suicide, and depression. 17,18 Anxiety, low self-esteem and relationship, and economic hardships are all also associated with craniofacial malformations adding to the burden of prenatal ethanol exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishing for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Zebrafish as a Model for Ethanol Teratogenesis

2016

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) describes a wide array of ethanol-induced developmental defects, including craniofacial dysmorphology and cognitive impairments. It affects *1 in 100 children born in the United States each year. Due to the pleiotropic effects of ethanol, animal models have proven critical in characterizing the mechanisms of ethanol teratogenesis. In this review, we focus on the utility of zebrafish in characterizing ethanolinduced developmental defects. A growing number of laboratories have focused on using zebrafish to examine ethanol-induced defects in craniofacial, cardiac, ocular, and neural development, as well as cognitive and behavioral impairments. Growing evidence supports that genetic predisposition plays a role in these ethanol-induced defects, yet little is understood about these gene-ethanol interactions. With a high degree of genetic amenability, zebrafish is at the forefront of identifying and characterizing the gene-ethanol interactions that underlie FASD.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adolescents and Adults

Cited by 717 publications

References 22 publications

Medical risks for women who drink alcohol

Medical risks for women who drink alcohol

Differences in executive functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Fishing for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Zebrafish as a Model for Ethanol Teratogenesis

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