Fetal Anatomy of the Human Carotid Sheath and Structures In and Around It

Miyake, Naritomo; Hayashi, Shogo; Kawase, Tetsuaki; Cho, Baik Hwan; Murakami, Gen; Fujimiya, Mineko; Kitano, Hiroya

doi:10.1002/ar.21089

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Even after the cervical sinus had been lost due to caudal growth of the hyoid arches and their fusion with the cardiac elevation 20) , the fifth pouch appeared to maintain its lumen immediately lateral to the arytenoid swelling. The present observations as well as our previous studies using mid-term fetuses [21][22][23][24] suggest that the cervical sinus is unlikely to provide a cyst-like remnant. Overall, we conclude that both the ultimobranchial body and the cervical sinus have been overemphasized as being central to the origins of adult pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Is the ultimobranchial body a reality or myth: a study using serial sections of human embryos

Honkura

Yamamoto

Yoshimoto

et al. 2016

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: Reported morphologies of the ultimobranchial body had varied between researchers: a cluster of mitotic cells, a duct-like structure and a rosette-like cell mass. To clarify the true morphology, we studied tilted horizontal sections of 20 human embryos (crown-rump length 5-18 mm; 4-6 weeks). The sections displayed a ladder-like arrangement of the second to fourth endodermal pouches and, in 5 early embryos we found the fifth pouch attached to the fifth ectodermal groove near the fourth pharyngeal arch artery. The bilateral fifth pharyngeal pouches protruded anterolaterally to form a U-shaped lumen surrounding the arytenoid swelling. The third to fifth pouches were each characterized by a pedal-shaped inferior end. We identified several types of cell clusters as candidates for the ultimobranchial body, but morphologically most of them were, to various degrees, likely to correspond to the blind end of the lower pouch when cut tangentially. Because of the topographical relation to the common carotid artery, a cyst-like structure with a cell cluster seemed to be the most likely candidate of the ultimobranchial body (a common anlage of the thymus and parathyroid). However, we were not able to deny a possibility that a certain plane cutting the pouch end incidentally provided such a cyst-like structure in sections. At any stage, the ultimobranchial body might not appear as a definite structure that is discriminated from others with routine staining. A concept of the ultimobranchial body might be biased by comparative anatomy that shows the ultimobranchial gland in adult birds and reptiles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Is the ultimobranchial body a reality or myth: a study using serial sections of human embryos

Honkura

Yamamoto

Yoshimoto

et al. 2016

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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“…These landmarks for identification had corresponded to the subjects (orbital muscle, pterygoid process) or key structures (lingual nerve, submandibular gland, superior cervical ganglion, digastric muscle) in our recent studies (Miyake et al, 2010;Katori et al, 2011a,b,c;Osanai et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsideration of the Autonomic Cranial Ganglia: An Immunohistochemical Study of Mid‐Term Human Fetuses

Kiyokawa

Katori

Cho

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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The cranial parasympathetic ganglia have been reported to paradoxically contain the sympathetic nerve marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in addition to neurons expressing parasympathetic markers such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). However, the distribution of these molecules in the cranial ganglia of human fetuses has not yet been examined. Using paraffin sections from 10 mid-term human fetuses (12-15 weeks), we performed immunohistochemistry for TH, VIP, and nNOS in the parasympathetic ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, and submandibular ganglia, and for comparison, the sensory inferior vagal ganglion. The ciliary and submandibular ganglia contained abundant TH-positive neurons. In the former, TH-positive neurons were much more numerous than nNOS-positive neurons, whereas in the latter, nNOS immunoreactivity was extremely strong. No or a few cells in the pterygopalatine, otic, and inferior vagal ganglia expressed TH. Ciliary TH neurons appeared to compensate for classically described sympathetic fibers arising from the superior cervical ganglion, whereas in the submandibular ganglion, nNOS-positive neurons as well as TH neurons might innervate the lingual artery in addition to the salivary glands. Significant individual variations in the density of all these markers suggested differences in sensitivity to medicine affecting autonomic nerve function. Consequently, in the human cranial autonomic ganglia, it appears that there is no simple dichotomy between sympathetic and parasympathetic function. Anat Rec, 295:141-149, 2012. V V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Observations and photography were usually performed with a Nikon Eclipse 80, but photos at ultra-low magnification (less than x1 at the objective lens) were taken using a high grade flat scanner (Epson GTX970) with translucent illumination. Dako N1573 antibody for smooth muscle actin is useful for a marker of endothelial cells of arteries 10) . CD34 is the best vascular marker in fetuses 11) , but because of severe decalcification, the antibody was not available for present specimens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasolacrimal duct opening to the inferior nasal meatus in human fetuses

Honkura

Takanashi

Hirano-Kawamoto

et al. 2017

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: The purpose of this study is to describe the Hasner's membrane which is the main factor of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Hasner's membrane at the nasal end of the fetal nasolacrimal duct (NLD) is considered to rupture at and after birth. However, topographical anatomy around the membrane as well as a mechanism of rupture seems to be still obscure. We observed frontal or sagittal sections of 20 late-stage fetuses (28-33 weeks) and found the on-going rupture in 2 specimens. The present sections demonstrated that 1) the nasal dilation was not a simple ball-like structure but extended posteriorly and laterally; 2) dilation of the NLD consistently involved the lacrimal sac; 3) Hasner's membrane and ductal mucosal layer contained no macrophages and no or few arteries and nerves. The posterior extension of the NLD end ranged from 1-2 mm, while the lateral extension 3-5 mm although a site of the thinnest membrane varied in location between specimens. Moreover, the thickest NLD due to dilation was in the slightly orbital or upper side of the nasal end. Therefore, before surgical treatment of Hasner's membrane, evaluation using medical images seems to be necessary. Since the nasal epithelium on Hasner's membrane was most likely to destroy earlier than the NLD mucosal lining, observations of the membrane from the nasal cavity seemed helpful for diagnosis at which site would be broken and when.

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Fetal Anatomy of the Human Carotid Sheath and Structures In and Around It

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Is the ultimobranchial body a reality or myth: a study using serial sections of human embryos

Is the ultimobranchial body a reality or myth: a study using serial sections of human embryos

Reconsideration of the Autonomic Cranial Ganglia: An Immunohistochemical Study of Mid‐Term Human Fetuses

Nasolacrimal duct opening to the inferior nasal meatus in human fetuses

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