Fetal and infant growth and the risk of obesity during early childhood: the Generation R Study

Mook‐Kanamori, Dennis O.; Durmuş, Büşra; Sovio, Ulla; Hofman, Albert; Raat, Hein; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Järvelin, Marjo‐Riitta; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.

doi:10.1530/eje-11-0067

Cited by 50 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These measures took place at the ages of 1,2,3,4,6,11,14,18,24,36 and 48 months, based on the national health care program in the Netherlands. Peak weight velocity and peak height velocity in infancy were derived using the Reed1 model for boys and girls separately, as described in detail previously.…”

Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peak weight velocity and peak height velocity in infancy were derived using the Reed1 model for boys and girls separately, as described in detail previously. 13,14,19,20 The Reed1 model is a four-parameter model that is fitted by gender on all weight and height measurements in children aged 0-3 years, including birth weight and length. We assumed both a fixed and a random component for all four parameters.…”

Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,21 As children may lose up to 10% of body weight in their first 14 days of life, BMI growth was modeled from the age of 2 weeks. When fitting the model, age was centralized to 0.75 years.…”

Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In infancy, the best anthropometric predictors for obesity in childhood and adulthood are infant growth patterns. 13,14 Studying detailed measures of early growth patterns and body fat distribution may therefore lead to further insight into the genetic causes of child adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult adiposity susceptibility loci, early growth and general and abdominal fatness in childhood: the Generation R Study

Vogelezang¹,

Monnereau²,

Gaillard³

et al. 2015

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies in adults have identified genetic loci associated with adiposity measures. Little is known about the effects of these loci on growth and body fat distribution from early childhood onwards. METHODS: In a population-based prospective cohort study among 4144 children, we examined the associations of weighted risk scores combining 29 known genetic markers of adult body mass index (BMI) and 14 known genetic markers of adult waist-hip ratio (WHR) with peak weight velocity, peak height velocity, age at adiposity peak and BMI at adiposity peak in early infancy and additionally with BMI, total fat mass, android/gynoid fat ratio and preperitoneal fat area at the median age of 6.0 years (95% range 5.7, 7.8). RESULTS: A higher adult BMI genetic risk score was associated with a higher age at adiposity peak in infancy and a higher BMI, total fat mass, android/gynoid fat ratio and preperitoneal fat area in childhood (P = 0.05, 1.5 × 10 − 24 , 3.6 × 10 − 18 , 4.0 × 10 − 11 and 1.3 × 10 − 5 , respectively), with the strongest association for childhood BMI with a 0.04 higher s.d. score BMI (95% confidence interval 0.03, 0.05) per additional risk allele. A higher adult WHR genetic risk score was not associated with infant growth measures or childhood BMI and total fat mass, but was associated with childhood android/gynoid fat ratio and preperitoneal fat area (P o0.05). CONCLUSION: Genetic variants associated with BMI and WHR in adults influence growth patterns and general and abdominal fat development from early childhood onwards.

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Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult adiposity susceptibility loci, early growth and general and abdominal fatness in childhood: the Generation R Study

Vogelezang¹,

Monnereau²,

Gaillard³

et al. 2015

Int J Obes

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“…These studies suggested that infant growth rates are the strongest risk factor for overweight (8,11,12). Infant and fetal growth rates are highly inversely correlated (15). Decelerated fetal growth in the second or third trimester and accelerated fetal growth in the third trimester have been associated with a higher fat mass percentage at 6 mo of age (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental, fetal, and infant risk factors for preschool overweight: the Generation R Study

et al. 2012

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Associations of Fetal and Infant Weight Change With General, Visceral, and Organ Adiposity at School Age

et al. 2019

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Importance Both fetal and infant growth influence obesity later in life. The association of longitudinal fetal and infant growth patterns with organ fat is unknown. Objective To examine the associations of fetal and infant weight change with general, visceral, and organ adiposity at school age. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Pregnant women with a delivery date between April 2002 and January 2006 were eligible to participate. Follow-up measurements were performed for 3205 children. Data analysis of this population was performed from July 26, 2018, to February 7, 2019. Exposures Fetal weight was estimated in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Infant weight was measured at 6, 12, and 24 months. Fetal and infant weight acceleration or deceleration were defined as a change in standard deviation scores greater than 0.67 between 2 ages. Main Outcomes and Measures Visceral fat index, pericardial fat index, and liver fat fraction were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Results The sample consisted of 3205 children (1632 girls [50.9%]; mean [SD] age, 9.8 [0.3] years). Children born small for gestational age had the lowest median body mass index compared with children born appropriate for gestational age and large for gestational age (16.4 [90% range, 14.1-23.6] vs 16.9 [90% range, 14.4-22.8] vs 17.4 [90% range, 14.9-22.7]). Compared with children with normal fetal and infant growth (533 of 2370 [22.5%]), those with fetal weight deceleration followed by infant weight acceleration (263 of 2370 [11.1%]) had the highest visceral fat index (standard deviation scores, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.03-0.33; P = .02) and liver fat fraction (standard deviation scores, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20-0.48; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance Fetal and infant weight change patterns were both associated with childhood body fat, but weight change patterns in infancy tended to have larger effects. Fetal growth restriction followed by infant growth acceleration was associated with increased visceral and liver fat.

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Fetal and infant growth and the risk of obesity during early childhood: the Generation R Study

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Adult adiposity susceptibility loci, early growth and general and abdominal fatness in childhood: the Generation R Study

Adult adiposity susceptibility loci, early growth and general and abdominal fatness in childhood: the Generation R Study

Parental, fetal, and infant risk factors for preschool overweight: the Generation R Study

Associations of Fetal and Infant Weight Change With General, Visceral, and Organ Adiposity at School Age

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