Fetal and infant growth patterns and left and right ventricular measures in childhood assessed by cardiac MRI

Toemen, Liza; Gaillard, Romy; Roest, Arno A.W.; Geest, Rob J. van der; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Lugt, Aad van der; Helbing, Willem A.; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.

doi:10.1177/2047487319866022

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Few studies have focused on how childhood cardiac development relates to adult cardiac structure and function and cardiovascular morbidity. Our findings are in line with previous studies showing associations of fetal growth restriction and small-size-for-gestationalage at birth with lower childhood left ventricular mass and left ventricular enddiastolic volume (17,30). Fetal growth restriction and small-size-for-gestationalage at birth are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, which may suggest that these childhood cardiac alterations may be related to adverse cardiac health outcomes in later life (31,32).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…At 10 years, we performed childhood cardiac MRI using a wide-bore GE Discovery MR 750 3T scanner (General Electric, Milwaukee, MI) (17). We included left ventricular mass, left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left and right ventricular ejection fraction as outcomes, based on our hypothesis that higher maternal glucose concentrations directly affect embryonic and fetal cardiomyocyte development and proliferation leading to alterations in right and left ventricular structure and function in later life (9).…”

Section: Cardiac Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Maternal Glycemia in the First Half of Pregnancy With Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Childhood

et al. 2020

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Gestational diabetes mellitus has been associated with offspring cardiac congenital malformations, ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction in large observational cohort studies and experimental animal models. We assessed the associations of maternal random glucose concentrations across the full range with childhood cardiac ventricular structure and function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a population-based prospective cohort among 1,959 women and their offspring, maternal random glucose concentrations were measured at a median 13.1 weeks' gestation (95% range 10.5-16.8 weeks). We obtained offspring cardiac outcomes, relative to body size, through cardiac MRI at 10 years. RESULTSThe mean maternal random glucose concentration was 4.4 mmol/L (SD 0.8). The highest quintile of maternal glucose concentrations, compared with the lowest quintile, was associated with a lower childhood left ventricular mass (20.19 SD score [SDS]; 95% CI 20.31, 20.07) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (20.17 SDS; 95% 20.28, 20.05). Also, higher maternal glucose concentrations across the full range per 1 mmol/L increase were associated with a lower childhood left ventricular mass and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (P values £0.05). Adjustment for maternal prepregnancy BMI, gestational age, and weight at birth or childhood BMI and blood pressure did not influence the effect estimates. Maternal glucose concentrations were not significantly associated with childhood right ventricular end-diastolic volume or left and right ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONSHigher maternal random glucose concentrations in the first half of pregnancy are associated with a lower childhood left ventricular mass and left ventricular enddiastolic volume, with the strongest associations for childhood left ventricular mass. These associations were not explained by maternal, birth, or childhood characteristics. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings using repeated maternal glucose measurements throughout pregnancy and offspring cardiac outcomes throughout childhood and adulthood.

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Section: Interpretation Of Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cardiac Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Maternal Glycemia in the First Half of Pregnancy With Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Childhood

et al. 2020

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“…Both fetal and childhood growth were independently associated with childhood RV and LV enddiastolic volume and LV mass. 90 In a CMR study of 29 fetuses with IUGR compared to 127 fetuses with various congenital heart diseases, IUGR fetuses were significantly heavier than fetuses with transposition of the great arteries (p = 0.03) and coarctation of the aorta (p = 0.02), but there were no significant fetal body weight differences between IUGR and other congenital heart diseases. 91 The same group studied 14 IUGR and 26 non-IUGR fetuses at 35 weeks' gestation using MRI, reporting that IUGR fetuses had lower umbilical vein (p < 0.004) and pulmonary blood flow (p < 0.01) and higher superior vena caval flow (p < 0.0001).…”

Section: Cmr Developmental Programming Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: insights into developmental programming and its consequences for aging

Clarke

Kuo

et al. 2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important consequences of adverse perinatal conditions such as fetal hypoxia and maternal malnutrition. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can produce a wealth of physiological information related to the development of the heart. This review outlines the current state of CMR technologies and describes the physiological biomarkers that can be measured. These phenotypes include impaired ventricular and atrial function, maladaptive ventricular remodeling, and the proliferation of myocardial steatosis and fibrosis. The discussion outlines the applications of CMR to understanding the developmental pathways leading to impaired cardiac function. The use of CMR, both in animal models of developmental programming and in human studies, is described. Specific examples are given in a baboon model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). CMR offers great potential as a tool for understanding the sequence of dysfunctional adaptations of developmental origin that can affect the human cardiovascular system.

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“…We performed cMRI using a wide-bore 3 Tesla scanner (Discovery MR 750, General Electric, Milwaukee, MI, USA), as described in more detail previously [25]. Briefly, we acquired localizer images, followed by ECG gated breath-held scans lasting less than 10 s per breath-hold.…”

Section: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in childhood right and left cardiac structure and function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2020

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Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disease are well-known and may originate in early-life. We examined the ethnic differences in cardiac structure and function in children using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a European migrant population, and whether any difference was explained by early life factors. We used a prospective population-based cohort study among 2317 children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We compared children from Dutch (73%), Cape Verdean (3.5%), Dutch Antillean (3.3%), Moroccan (6.1%), Surinamese-Creoles (3.9%), Surinamese-Hindustani (3.4%), and Turkish (6.4%) background. Main outcomes were cMRI-measured cardiac structures and function. Cardiac outcomes were standardized on body surface area. Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, and Turkish children had smaller right ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume relative to their body size than Dutch children (p < 0.05). These results were not fully explained by fetal and childhood factors. Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between ethnicities after adjustment for fetal and childhood factors. Conclusion: Right ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume differ between ethnic subgroups in childhood, without affecting ejection fraction. Follow-up studies are needed to investigate whether these differences lead to ethnic differences in cardiac disease in adulthood. What is Known:• Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disease are well-known and may originate in early-life.• The prevalence of cardiovascular disease differs between ethnic groups.What is New:• We examined ethnic differences in left and right cardiac structure and function in children using cMRI.• Right and left cardiac dimensions differ between ethnic groups in childhood and are only partly explained by fetal and childhood factors.

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Fetal and infant growth patterns and left and right ventricular measures in childhood assessed by cardiac MRI

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Associations of Maternal Glycemia in the First Half of Pregnancy With Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Childhood

Associations of Maternal Glycemia in the First Half of Pregnancy With Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Childhood

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: insights into developmental programming and its consequences for aging

Ethnic differences in childhood right and left cardiac structure and function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

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