Fetal and postnatal growth and blood pressure at the age of 2 years. The Generation R Study

Abstract

Increased skeletal and nonskeletal growth rates from late pregnancy to the age of 2 years are associated with somewhat higher SBP and DBP in early childhood. Replication of these findings and studies examining the underlying biological pathways and the long-term consequences are needed.

Manejo de la hipertensión arterial en niños y adolescentes: recomendaciones de la Sociedad Europea de Hipertensión

“…Un estudio realizado en Milán (Italia) con niños en edad escolar (6-11 años), la prevalencia de sobrepeso osciló entre el 17 y el 38,6%, en función de las diferentes definiciones utilizadas 90 . Aparte del índice de masa corporal, se ha observado que el perímetro de la cintura (obesidad abdominal) es otro factor que ha de tenerse en cuenta 91 crecimiento posnatal influyen en el desarrollo de HTA y enfermedades cardiovasculares en la edad adulta [92][93][94][95][96][97] . Por último, los hábitos dietéticos adoptados en las primeras fases de la vida, en particular una alta ingesta de sal, son factores que favorecen la elevación de la PA 98,99 .…”

Longitudinal growth during fetal life and infancy and cardiovascular outcomes at school-age

“…Results from a prospective study suggested that increased fetal growth between 18 and at 38 weeks of gestation was associated with lower SBP in childhood [5]. We have previously reported that smaller size in mid-pregnancy and a larger infant size are related to a higher SBP in infancy [6]. Thus far, the specific early growth patterns associated with cardiovascular health and disease outcomes in later life are unknown.…”

“…Studies with directly measured fetal growth are scarce [5,6]. Results from a prospective study suggested that increased fetal growth between 18 and at 38 weeks of gestation was associated with lower SBP in childhood [5].…”

Fetal and Infant Growth Patterns and Kidney Function at School Age

“…Previous studies, including those studies from the same cohort as the present study, suggested that children with fetal growth restriction followed by infant growth acceleration have higher BP. 29,30 Both fetal growth in later pregnancy and growth in early infancy seem to be critical periods for childhood BP. The underlying mechanisms for the associations between early growth and kidney function are not known.…”