Fetal bovine serum (FBS): Past – present – future

Valk, Jan van der; Bieback, Karen; Buta, Christiane; Cochrane, Brett; Dirks, Wilhelm G.; Fu, Jianan; Hickman, James J.; Hohensee, Christiane; Kolar, Roman; Liebsch, Manfred; Pistollato, Francesca; Schulz, Markus; Thieme, Daniel; Weber, Tilo; Wiest, J.; Winkler, Stefan; Gstraunthaler, Gerhard

doi:10.14573/altex.1705101

Cited by 275 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Key animal components replaced are fetal calf serum and porcine trypsin. The significant animal welfare concerns around the production of these components has been well documented (Jochems et al, 2002;van der Valk et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an approach presents scientific limitations by unnecessarily compromising the direct relevance of the test system to humans. The significant animal welfare concerns around the production of these components has also been well documented (Jochems et al, 2002;Even et al, 2006;van der Valk et al, 2017). Importantly, these scientific and ethical drawbacks give rise to concerns within the cosmetics and personal care industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation of the KeratinoSens™ skin sensitization test to animal-product-free cell culture

Belot

2017

ALTEX

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SummarySkin sensitization is the process by which a substance induces an allergic reaction following skin contact. The process has been described as an adverse outcome pathway (AOP), including several key events, from skin penetration and covalent protein binding, to keratinocyte activation, dendritic cell activation and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The in vitro assay KeratinoSens™ measures the activation of keratinocytes. It is fully accepted at a regulatory level (OECD TG 442d) and complies with a range of legislation including the EU Cosmetics Regulation, REACH, and the CLP Regulation. Currently, many in vitro methods use animal-derived components in their cell culture systems. Many stakeholders in the cosmetics industry have both scientific and ethical concerns relating to this issue and have stated a strong preference for fully human in vitro test systems. We have adapted the KeratinoSens™ method to animal product-free conditions, and carried out an in-house validation with 21 reference substances, including those listed in the Performance Standards associated with OECD TG442d. The modified method was shown to be equivalent to the Validated Reference Method (VRM), with comparable values for accuracy (85.7%), sensitivity (84.6%) and specificity (87.5%), and all acceptance criteria being met. In Europe, data generated by the adapted method may be used in REACH submissions, and we are now seeking approval to list the adaptation in OECD TG 442d, enabling formal compliance with a range of global regulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the KeratinoSens™ skin sensitization test to animal-product-free cell culture

Belot

2017

ALTEX

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“…Research grade: Human MSC from bone marrow 10% HPL in DMEM low glucose or alpha‐MEM. Reduced activity in adipose‐tissue derived MSC , , .…”

Section: Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

International Forum on GMP‐grade human platelet lysate for cell propagation

Strunk¹,

Lozano²,

Marks

et al. 2017

Vox Sanguinis

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“…Despite animal welfare concerns and several technical and economic drawbacks regarding the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) for cell culture supplementation, this is still a standard practice (van der Valk et al, 2018). The remarkable increase in the availability of animal serum-free medium alternatives-such as human serum, human serum albumin, human platelet lysate, and chemically defined medium (Karnieli et al, 2017;van der Valk et al, 2010van der Valk et al, , 2018)-along with a number of recommendations for FBS replacement (Coecke et al, 2005;Geraghty et al, 2014;Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2018) leads to a practical issue: how to replace FBS in culture medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several serum-free formulations have already been described for mammalian cells, and there are a number of commercially available serum-free media (Brunner et al, 2010). In order to circumvent the disadvantages of using animal serum or human blood derivatives-such as ethical concerns, lot-to-lot variability, and the risk of contamination (van der Valk et al, 2018)-a chemically defined medium (or more than one) must be chosen. This can be done by searching the literature and media manufacturer catalogues, which can be time consuming, but a freely accessible interactive online database of serum-free media and adapted cell lines is available (Brunner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Mammalian Cells to Chemically Defined Media

2019

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In order to circumvent ethical, technical, and economic drawbacks regarding the use of animal serum in cell culturing, it is possible to adapt mammalian cells to serum‐free media. Nowadays, there are several serum‐free formulations available, including fully animal derived–free and chemically defined media, and different adaptation techniques. This article focuses on the gradual adaptation of a mammalian suspension cell culture to a chemically defined medium. The first step is to transfer the cells cultured in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to a chemically defined medium of your choice, containing the same amount of FBS. The next steps consist of progressively reducing the amount of FBS, while monitoring cell growth and viability up to the complete elimination of FBS. This protocol has been successfully used to adapt THP‐1 cells to a chemically defined medium with similar maximum specific growth rate as those cultured with FBS. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol: Gradual adaptation to chemically defined medium Alternate Protocol: Direct adaptation to chemically defined medium Support Protocol 1: Determining maximum specific growth rate of a cell culture Support Protocol 2: Cell freezing and thawing

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Fetal bovine serum (FBS): Past – present – future

Cited by 275 publications

References 110 publications

Adaptation of the KeratinoSens™ skin sensitization test to animal-product-free cell culture

Adaptation of the KeratinoSens™ skin sensitization test to animal-product-free cell culture

International Forum on GMP‐grade human platelet lysate for cell propagation

Adaptation of Mammalian Cells to Chemically Defined Media

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