Fetal breathing—related nasal fluid flow velocity in uncomplicated pregnancies

Badalian, Samvel S.; Chao, Conrad R.; Fox, H.; Timor‐Tritsch, Ilan E.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90621-o

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3 stem cells exist. The main present problems for the in vivo Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an interesting target disease for application of retroviral vectors remain their low titre foetal somatic gene therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal gene delivery in mice by intra-amniotic administration of retroviral producer cells and adenovirus

et al. 1997

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal gene delivery in mice by intra-amniotic administration of retroviral producer cells and adenovirus

et al. 1997

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“…The first attempts to assess nasal fluid flow in fetuses by ultrasound date back to the1990s [7]. Cosmi published an observation of fetal breathing movements on a change in the position of the chest and abdomen as well as fluid flow in the nose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breathing movements resulting in fluid flow in the upper respiratory tract are observed in fetuses and may indicate proper growth and maturing of the respiratory system [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of nasal and oral flow of amniotic fluid in 46 non-anomalous fetuses with sonographic and echocardiographic examination

2018

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Objectives: The aim of the paper was to assess nasal and oral amniotic fluid flows, with the use of color ultrasound and spectral Doppler, in normal fetuses. Material and methods:Forty-six fetuses of singleton gestations were studied prospectively. Spectrum imaging and maximal nasal fluid flow velocities were described. Episodes of regurgitation (external flow from the mouth), swallowing (internal flow at the level of oropharynx and then entrance to the esophagus) were evaluated in two groups: Fetuses < 27 weeks of gestation and 27 weeks of gestation and older. Statistical analysis was done using Fischer exact test and t-test at p = 0.05.Results: Twenty-one fetuses were < 27 weeks of gestational age and presented mean maximal both inspiratory and expiratory nasal fluid flow velocities significantly lower than twenty-five fetuses who were ≥ 27 weeks of gestational age (p = 0.035 and p = 0.031 respectively, t-test). Episodes of regurgitation were observed more frequently in group of "younger" fetuses (p = 0.006, Fischer exact test). There was no statistically significant relationship between irregular nasal flow spectrum by color Doppler and gestational age group (p = 0.264, Fischer exact test). Conclusions:Episodes of regurgitation occurred in normal fetuses < 27 th week of gestation. Fast amniotic nasal fluid flows without episodes of regurgitation were observed more frequently in fetuses ≥ 27 weeks and it could be interpreted as an additional sonographic feature of prenatal maturation.

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“…Hence, standardised sets of measurements can be obtained by considering exclusively the regular symmetric pattern and overcome bias due to the great variability of fetal breathing movements. Second, the knowledge gained in previously reported fetal breathing movements studies was limited to the incidence and the frequency of fetal breathing movements 15 -19 and later to timing components of the individual breath cycle 8,20 . However, these are mainly related to central nervous maturation and not necessarily to lung development, which requires an adequate lung growth along with normal maturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, major interest has focused on the observation of this phenomenon in human fetuses. Improvements in the diagnostic potential of ultrasound equipment has made possible the assessment of fetal breathing movements-related fetal nasal 8,9 and tracheal 10 -12 fluid flow velocities. The present study was undertaken to use ultrasound to study changes in fetal breathing movements-related intra-tracheal fluid flow parameters and address the question of whether there is a reduction in lung liquid volume before birth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does fetal tracheal fluid flow during fetal breathing movements change before the onset of labour?

Kalache¹,

Chaoui

Marks

et al. 2002

BJOG

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Objective To examine changes in intra-tracheal fluid flow parameters during fetal breathing movements throughout the second half of pregnancy in the normally developing human fetus. Design Prospective cross-sectional study.Setting Fetal medicine unit at the Charité University Hospital in Berlin.Methods Assessment of tracheal fluid flow was attempted in 340 healthy fetuses (GA 20-40 weeks) in which fetal breathing movements were seen by B-mode scan. Colour Doppler was applied to visualise the tracheal fluid flow, followed by spectral Doppler to record the velocity waveforms. The records of 53 fetuses divided into five gestational age groups (20 -23, 24-27, 28-31, 32 -35 and 36 -40 weeks of gestation) containing 40 or more continuous breathing cycles (inspiration and expiration) were considered for analysis. Only regular breathing phases were examined and the volume obtained by integration of the tracheal fluid flow displaced during fetal breathing movements was calculated. Results The intra-tracheal flow volume moved during inspiration (Vi) and expiration (Ve) increased until 36 weeks of gestation after which there was a flattening until term. This suggests either a reduction of lung liquid production or a diminished lung liquid volume. The median difference between Vi and Ve was positive in the first four age groups and negative in the last one suggesting that, in mature fetuses, the effect of fetal breathing movements no longer results in an influx. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a modification in fetal behaviour that manifests itself during the last four weeks before birth and has the potential to reduce lung liquid volume.

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Fetal breathing—related nasal fluid flow velocity in uncomplicated pregnancies

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Foetal gene delivery in mice by intra-amniotic administration of retroviral producer cells and adenovirus

Foetal gene delivery in mice by intra-amniotic administration of retroviral producer cells and adenovirus

Assessment of nasal and oral flow of amniotic fluid in 46 non-anomalous fetuses with sonographic and echocardiographic examination

Does fetal tracheal fluid flow during fetal breathing movements change before the onset of labour?

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