Fetal Cholelithiasis: Antenatal Diagnosis and Neonatal Follow-Up in a Case of Twin Pregnancy – A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hurni, Yannick; Vigo, Francesco; Wattenwyl, Begoña Lipp von; Ochsenbein, Nicole; Canonica, Claudia

doi:10.1055/s-0042-123840

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As bile becomes saturated, cholesterol vesicles form and interact with surrounding proteins such as mucin and crystallize [6,7]. Other risk factors include certain medications and maternal conditions (Table 1) [8,9]. Additionally, children with Down Syndrome are at increased risk [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Gallstones

Mazur¹

2021

JCRR

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A term male infant was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 23 year old gravida 2 para 2 mother. His weight, length, and head circumference were 2720g (8%), 47cm (6%) and 31.5cm (1%) respectively; the remainder of his physical examination was unremarkable. The pregnancy was complicated by intra-uterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes controlled with glyburide, and gestational thrombocytopenia. The mother had a past medical history of obesity, BMI of 32 (>95%), HPV infection, and atypical squamous cells of the cervix. A fetal ultrasound at 38 weeks gestational age showed echogenic foci consistent with cholelithiasis (Figure 1); a previous US at 37 weeks gestational age was normal. On routine laboratory testing the mother’s blood type was O positive and the infant’s was A+ (positive). His transcutaneous bilirubin was 4.3 mg/dL at 36 hours of life. Both mother and son were discharged after two days without problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The short-term prognosis of fetal gallstones is good. More than 70% of patients have spontaneous resolution within two months after birth and more than 90% within six months [1,8]. The prognosis for the resolution of sludge is less clear as not all infants with sludge have a follow-up US.…”

Section: Placental Abruption Increased Estrogen and Progestin Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Gallstones

Mazur¹

2021

JCRR

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“…The exact pathogenesis of fetal gallstones remains unknown. Various factors ( Table 1 ) have been implicated that potentially have a role in the formation of gallstones [ 9 – 13 ]. There have been no previous reports regarding the association of fetal gallstones with COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered a more frequent finding compared to fetal gallstones. Fetal gallstones and gallbladder sludge are mainly seen during the third trimester [ 11 , 13 , 16 ]. The mechanisms postulated for the occurrence of gallbladder sludge or fetal gallstones are twofold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is presently no evidence that therapeutic interventions are superior to observations awaiting spontaneous resolution. Medical treatment or cholecystectomy should be considered for rare persistent cases, symptomatic cases, or those with related complications [ 9 – 11 , 13 , 18 ]. There appears to be no difference in resolution time between sonogram-detected fetal gallstones and biliary sludge detection during pregnancy, and both scenarios have no impact on the obstetrical management or the delivery process [ 1 , 9 , 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal Gallstones in a Newborn after Maternal COVID-19 Infection

Kahlon

Żylak

Leblanc

et al. 2021

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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Fetal gallstones are rare incidental findings on ultrasound during pregnancy. We describe a newborn girl with gallstones that was born to a mother who had COVID-19 infection during her last trimester. The baby remained asymptomatic, and the stones resolved spontaneously without any treatment or complications within six weeks of birth. Several conditions predispose to fetal gallstones, and it is unclear if the recent maternal COVID-19 infection had any role in the occurrence of these abnormalities or was merely coincidental. This is the first case describing an association of fetal gallstones with a COVID-19 infection in pregnancy.

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Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

Annaç

Tekin²

2021

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of echogenicity in the fetal gallbladder (EFG) and to present prenatal sonographic findings and their postnatal outcomes. Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective study within 17420 pregnant women during a 66-month period. Fetuses with an incidental finding of EFG in their 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy were followed until birth per two weeks with sonographic examinations.Results: Out of 5977 fetuses, 44 fetuses were found to have EFG with a prevalence of 0.74%. Nine (20%) of 44 fetuses had single echogenicity, 25 (56%) had multiple echogenicities, 10 (22%) had sludge-like echogenicities. In Doppler sonography, 28 fetuses with EFG exhibited twinkling artifacts; however, none of the echogenicities had obvious acoustic shadowing. All of the cases were resolved either in utero or after birth before 10 months of age. Conclusion:EFG is a late third-trimester phenomenon with a prevalence of 0.74%.Most EFGs presented as twinkling artifacts, suggesting they had a cholesterol component.

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Fetal Cholelithiasis: Antenatal Diagnosis and Neonatal Follow-Up in a Case of Twin Pregnancy – A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Neonatal Gallstones

Neonatal Gallstones

Fetal Gallstones in a Newborn after Maternal COVID-19 Infection

Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

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