Fetal development of the human trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Cho, Kwang Ho; Morimoto, Ichiro; Yamamoto, Masahito; Hanada, Shinya; Murakami, Gen; Rodríguez‐Vázquez, José Francisco; Abe, Shinichi

doi:10.5115/acb.20.202

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The developing clavicle, scapula, and head of the humerus provide the major drive for posterolateral traction. This leads to the separation of SCM and trapezius in humans and is completed at the fifth week of gestation [ 12 ]. Singh et al reported a case of an absent posterior triangle due to the presence of a muscle sheet extending between the SCM and trapezius, which obscured the posterior triangle with a small oval gap observed postero-superiorly on the left posterior triangle in a 60-year-old male Indian cadaver [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessory Head of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle in Indian Cadavers: A Report of Three Cases

Sakthivel,

Dhakshnamoorthy,

2024

Cureus

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During dissection sessions for undergraduate students, the unilateral accessory clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was observed in three cadavers. These accessory heads extended from the middle third of the clavicle and joined the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the middle third. The variations in the sternocleidomastoid muscle may be attributed to abnormal mesodermal splitting or fusion failure during the development of the post-sixth branchial arch. Anomalies of the sternocleidomastoid may be misdiagnosed as cervical dystonia, fibromatosis colli, or muscular spasm. In rare cases, an accessory head could result in torticollis in adults. These anomalies warrant particular attention during interventional procedures conducted by anesthesiologists. The internal jugular vein is accessed at the lesser supraclavicular fossa for cannulation during central venous access and temporary hemodialysis. Variations in its anatomy can pose challenges during these procedures. Moreover, the clavicular head may be utilized for muscle flaps in the upper neck and occipital regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%