Fetal Growth and Risk of Stillbirth: A Population-Based Case–Control Study

Bukowski, Radek; Hansen, Nellie I.; Willinger, Marian; Reddy, Uma M.; Parker, Corette B.; Pınar, Halit; Silver, Robert M.; Dudley, Donald J.; Stoll, Barbara J.; Saade, George R.; Koch, Matthew; Hogue, Carol J.; Varner, Michael W.; Conway, Deborah L.; Coustan, Donald R.; Goldenberg, Robert L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001633

Cited by 153 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The increased risk of being LGA and high birth weight, however, is of clinical importance. It has been shown that children that are LGA have an increased risk for caesarian section, metabolic disturbances, stillbirth, trauma, distress and asphyxia at birth [42][43][44]. There are studies that suggest epigenetic causes for the increased risk of being LGA in the FET group based on ART in animals [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Compared to Natural Conception: Differences in Perinatal Outcome

Spijkers

Lens

Schats

et al. 2017

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background/Aim: To compare the pregnancy outcome of singletons conceived after transfer of cryopreserved and thawed embryos (frozen embryo transfer [FET]) to singletons conceived after fresh embryo transfer (fresh ET) and natural conceived singletons. Methods: Using a retrospective data analysis on a study population consisting of 1,261 singletons born after FET and 2,519 singletons born after fresh ET between 2006 and 2015. The control group consisted of singletons born after natural conception. Main outcome measures consisted of birth weight (in grams), gestational age, preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation), being large for gestational age (LGA, above 90th weight percentile adjusted for gestational age) and Apgar scores. Results: Babies born after FET had an increased risk of high birth weight (adjusted OR [AOR]) 2.92; 1.503-3.482) and being LGA (AOR fresh ET vs. FET 1.47; 1.210-1.787) compared to singletons born after fresh ET, as well as higher birth weights compared to natural conceived children. Conclusions: Singletons born after FET have a higher risk of high birth weight and being LGA compared to singletons after fresh ET and compared to natural conceived singletons. We assume that the freezing process might be the underlying cause.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Compared to Natural Conception: Differences in Perinatal Outcome

Spijkers

Lens

Schats

et al. 2017

Gynecol Obstet Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The LGA child has an increased risk for stillbirth, asphyxia, distress, trauma, caesarian section, and metabolic disturbances at birth [15][16][17]. Moreover, another concern in LGA neonates born after assisted reproductive techniques (ART) is the possible underlying epigenetic pathology, since certain rare Capsule Besides maternal BMI, FET is a significant independent LGA risk factor in IVF patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent factors influencing large-for-gestation birth weight in singletons born after in vitro fertilization

Korošec

Frangež

Steblovnik

et al. 2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose Higher risk for birth of singletons being large for gestational age (LGA) has been revealed after in vitro fertilization (IVF) frozen-thawed embryo-transfer (FET). This phenomenon is now being investigated, since there is a speculation that these neonates could suffer from underlying epigenetic disturbances. The aim of the study was to expose independent LGA risk factors and to identify those connected to the IVF techniques. Methods Altogether, 4508 singleton pregnancies and births were included in the cohort case-matched study. Two hundred eleven singleton pregnancies and births after FET and 916 after fresh embryo transfer (ET) were included into two study groups. The IVF procedures were performed at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana between 2004 and 2011. For each IVF pregnancy, three matched consecutive controls after natural conception were included. Using logistic regression models, we observed LGA connection to maternal parameters (smoking, hypertension, parity, BMI, gestational diabetes, IVF conception, FET, double ET, and ICSI procedure).Results Singletons born after FET had a significantly higher risk for being LGA (p=0.032; OR 1.697; 95 % CI 1.047-2.752). BMI 25-30 was a significant independent risk factor for LGA in the IVF groups (FET p=0.041, OR 2.460, 95 % CI 1.030-5.857 and fresh ET p=0.003; OR 2.188, 95 % CI 1.297-3.691). ICSI and double ET had no significant effect on LGA occurrence. Conclusions Besides maternal BMI, FET is a significant independent LGA risk factor in IVF patients. Other observed factors (smoking, hypertension, multiparity, GDM, ICSI procedure, or number of embryos transferred) do not influence LGA risk significantly.

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“…7 However pregnancy complication or feto-placental pathology are the major cause of fetal death.The pregnancy complication commonly associated with IUFD as reported in literature are preeclampsia, antpartum haemorrhage (APH), oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 6,8,9 Helgadottier LB found 68% of the cases the major cause of fetal death was placental pathology(IUFD8). 10 Factors or determinants of antepartum or intrapartum fetal death are not similar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of risk factors of stillbirth: a hospital based study in a tertiary care centre

Shyam

2016

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Fetal Growth and Risk of Stillbirth: A Population-Based Case–Control Study

Abstract: Radek Bukowski and colleagues conducted a case control study in 59 US hospitals to determine the relationship between fetal growth and stillbirth, and find that both restrictive and excessive growth could play a role. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

Cited by 153 publications

References 37 publications

Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Compared to Natural Conception: Differences in Perinatal Outcome

Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Compared to Natural Conception: Differences in Perinatal Outcome

Independent factors influencing large-for-gestation birth weight in singletons born after in vitro fertilization

Analysis of risk factors of stillbirth: a hospital based study in a tertiary care centre

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