Fetal Growth Restriction and Postnatal Development

Eleftheriades, Makarios; Creatsas, George; Nicolaides, Kypros H.

doi:10.1196/annals.1365.047

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Accepted August 5, 2011 ever, information on changes in sex steroids, fetal fluids and their composition, and weights of fetal organs is lacking. Because the ewe is a valued animal model for study of interactions among genes, nutrition, and the uterine enviromnent that affect pregnancy outcomes Eleftheriades et al, 2006;Gicquel and Le Bouc, 2006), and metabolic insults that alter fetal growth and adult onset of metabolic disease (Sizonenko et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2006;Mari and Hanif, 2007), it is important to understand the patterns of intrauterine fetal growth that lead to perinatal morbidity and mortality, and metabolic syndrome in adults (Barker and Glark, 1997;Symonds et al, 2001;Ozanne and Hales, 2002;Ergaz et al, 2005;Fowden et al, 2006). Intrauterine growth of the fetus directly affects reproductive performance of domestic species (Ergaz et al, 2005;Wu et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of the ovine conceptus1

Bazer

Spencer

Thatcher

2012

Journal of Animal Science

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This study was designed to characterize development of the ovine conceptus throughout gestation to establish the temporal relationships in metabolites, electrolytes, fluid volumes within the placenta, and hormonal changes with fetal growth. Length and weight of placentae, weight of cotyledons, and uterine weight increased between d 25 and 80 of gestation in advance of increases in fetal growth between d 80 and 140 of gestation. Allantoic fluid volumes changed (P < 0.01) between d 25 (21 mL) and 40 (91 mL), decreased to d 70 (32 mL), and then increased to d 140 (438 mL). Concentrations and total amounts of proteins in allantoic fluid were reduced between d 25 and 50, but total protein increased (P < 0.01) from d 40 (63 mg) to d 140 (2,991 mg). Concentrations of fructose in allantoic fluid varied between 2 and 6 mg/mL throughout gestation, but total fructose increased (P < 0.01) between d 25 (46 mg) and d 120 (679 mg). Concentrations of glucose ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/mL, and total glucose increased (P < 0.05) from d 25 (3 mg) to d 140 (63 mg) of gestation. Amniotic fluid volume increased (P < 0.01) between d 30 and 140. Concentrations of estrogens in allantoic fluid, maternal uterine artery, and uterine vein increased (P < 0.01) with advancing pregnancy, and concentrations of progesterone in allantoic fluid (P < 0.07) and plasma (P < 0.05) were affected by day of gestation. Concentrations of glucose were greater (P < 0.05) in uterine artery than uterine vein, but concentrations of electrolytes and osmolarity of plasma were not affected by day of gestation. Increases in weights of fetal organs were proportional to increases in fetal weight during gestation. Results of the present study of conceptus growth and development highlight areas of needed research and provide benchmarks for comparisons when evaluating effects of various treatments, environmental conditions, and epigenetics on successful outcomes of pregnancy in sheep.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of the ovine conceptus1

Bazer

Spencer

Thatcher

2012

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Adipogenesis is a late prenatal and early postnatal life phenomenon and is highly influenced by the nutritional environment at this time period. The number of adipocytes remains rather stable during adulthood, showing a very low turnover rate of adipose cells, providing evidence that events during both fetal and early postnatal life are vital for the overall development of adipose tissue (5,6).…”

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confidence: 97%

Assessment of body composition in Wistar rat offspring by DXA in relation to prenatal and postnatal nutritional manipulation

et al. 2016

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“…Indeed, several intrauterine and postnatal events may affect the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathoadrenal (SA) system [6,7,8,9]. On the one hand, prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure due to factors such as maternal stress or dexamethasone injection produces alterations of the rat fetal HPA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Perinatal Undernutrition Alters Postnatal Development of Chromaffin Cells in the Male Rat Adrenal Medulla

Molendi-Coste

Laborie²,

Scarpa³

et al. 2009

Neuroendocrinology

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Numerous data suggest that the development of the sympathoadrenal system is highly sensitive to the perinatal environment. We previously reported that maternal perinatal food restriction by 50% (FR50) altered chromaffin cell (CC) organization and activity in offspring at weaning. This study investigated the effects of FR50 on the postnatal time course of CC functional and structural adaptations. FR50 pups exhibited smaller and more abundant scattered clusters of noradrenergic CCs as early as postnatal day 7 (P7), indicating that morphological changes took place earlier during development. At birth, the adrenaline release was defective in FR50 pups, suggesting that maternal FR50 impaired the non-neurogenic control of catecholamine release. At P4, the catecholamine release in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was also absent in FR50 pups. This was associated with the reduction of adrenal catecholamine contents, indicating that the failure to synthesize catecholamine might lead to impaired secretion. We hypothesized that maternal FR50 accelerated the functional connections between CCs and splanchnic nerve endings, leading to the premature loss of the non-neurogenic response. Acetylcholine-containing synaptic endings seemed more precociously functional in FR50 pups, as suggested by increased levels of acetylcholine esterase activity at P14. At P7, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia caused preferential adrenaline release associated with increased catecholamine contents in both groups. However, the response was accentuated in FR50 pups. At P14, the insulin challenge increased plasma levels of adrenaline in control rats, whereas it markedly enhanced the circulating level of both catecholamines in FR50 pups. We demonstrated that maternal FR50 leads to developmentally impaired noradrenergic CC aggregation and advanced splanchnic neurotransmission maturation associated with altered medulla activity in response to metabolic stress. This might contribute to the long-lasting malprogramming of the adrenal medulla and to the development of chronic adult diseases.

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Fetal Growth Restriction and Postnatal Development

Cited by 52 publications

References 71 publications

Growth and development of the ovine conceptus1

Growth and development of the ovine conceptus1

Assessment of body composition in Wistar rat offspring by DXA in relation to prenatal and postnatal nutritional manipulation

Maternal Perinatal Undernutrition Alters Postnatal Development of Chromaffin Cells in the Male Rat Adrenal Medulla

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