Fetal growth restriction promotes physical inactivity and obesity in female mice

Baker, Maria S.; Li, Ge; Kohorst, John J.; Waterland, Robert A.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.146

Cited by 41 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Animal experiments imply that under-nutrition in fetal life, followed by postnatal weight gain, is associated with reduced motor activity (65,66) and increased sedentary behavior (67). Some human data tend to support these observations.…”

Section: Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 65%

Early life determinants of physical activity and sedentary time: Current knowledge and future research

Øglund¹,

Stensrud²,

Ekelund³

2014

Nor J Epidemiol

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Previous findings of the association between low birth weight and subsequent health outcomes have led to the "developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis". Furthermore, modifiable and partly modifiable early life factors may also influence behaviors such as physical activity and sedentary behavior. The aim of the present review was to summarize the existing knowledge on early life determinants (birth weight, rapid infant weight gain, motor development and infant temperament) of childhood physical activity and sedentary time, and suggest opportunities for future research based on the Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Inconsistent results have been observed when relating birth weight to later physical activity, likely explained by differences in methodology when assessing physical activity between studies. There is limited data on whether rapid weight gain in early life predicts later physical activity and few studies have examined the association between birth weight and infant weight gain with subsequent sedentary time. Motor development may be a predictor for childhood physical activity, however methodological limitations preclude firm conclusions. The association between motor development and sedentary time has rarely been examined. Conflicting results have been reported for the association between infant temperament and subsequent physical activity and sedentary time in toddlers. Finally, it is unknown whether physical activity modifies the association between birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and later health outcomes in youth. Additional research in well-characterized birth cohorts can be used to generate new knowledge on possible early life determinants of children's and youth's physical activity and sedentary time which may inform evidence-based public health interventions.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 65%

Early life determinants of physical activity and sedentary time: Current knowledge and future research

Øglund¹,

Stensrud²,

Ekelund³

2014

Nor J Epidemiol

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“…Most interestingly, fetal growth restriction and subsequent catch-up growth led to increased body weight and adiposity in adulthood, but only in female offspring. Overall, although these data indicate that growth restriction during prenatal development is an essential component of the programming mechanism (22) , they do not rule out a potential critical role for catch-up growth during the suckling period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Whereas food intake of female OL offspring was not different from that of controls, their levels of physical activity (home cage activity) and energy expenditure were reduced directly after weaning, and remained so in adulthood. In fact, the persistently blunted spontaneous physical activity (SPA) of OL females appeared to completely explain their increased adiposity as adults (22) . Notably, recent studies in three different human populations showed that perinatal undernutrition leads to increased obesity in adulthood, specifically in females (23) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; (2) Is positive energy balance in this model due to increased food intake or reduced energy expenditure? We cross-fostered newborn mice at birth between lean a/a and obese A vy /a dams to examine the effect of being exposed to an obese A vy /a mother either during fetal development or during the suckling period (22) . These studies provided several surprising findings.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Developmental programming of energy balance regulation: is physical activity more ‘programmable’ than food intake?

et al. 2015

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Extensive human and animal model data show that environmental influences during critical periods of prenatal and early postnatal development can cause persistent alterations in energy balance regulation. Although a potentially important factor in the worldwide obesity epidemic, the fundamental mechanisms underlying such developmental programming of energy balance are poorly understood, limiting our ability to intervene. Most studies of developmental programming of energy balance have focused on persistent alterations in the regulation of energy intake; energy expenditure has been relatively underemphasised. In particular, very few studies have evaluated developmental programming of physical activity. The aim of this review is to summarise recent evidence that early environment may have a profound impact on establishment of individual propensity for physical activity. Recently, we characterised two different mouse models of developmental programming of obesity; one models fetal growth restriction followed by catchup growth, and the other models early postnatal overnutrition. In both studies, we observed alterations in body-weight regulation that persisted to adulthood, but no group differences in food intake. Rather, in both cases, programming of energy balance appeared to be due to persistent alterations in energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity (SPA). These effects were stronger in female offspring. We are currently exploring the hypothesis that developmental programming of SPA occurs via induced sexspecific alterations in epigenetic regulation in the hypothalamus and other regions of the central nervous system. We will summarise the current progress towards testing this hypothesis. Early environmental influences on establishment of physical activity are likely an important factor in developmental programming of energy balance. Understanding the fundamental underlying mechanisms in appropriate animal models will help determine whether early life interventions may be a practical approach to promote physical activity in man.Metabolic imprinting: Epigenetics: DNA methylation: Nutrition Developmental programming, epigenetics and obesity During critical periods of embryonic, fetal and early postnatal development, environmental influences can affect mammalian development, leading to permanent changes in the regulation of energy balance. There is increasing acceptance of the idea that such developmental programming of energy balance regulation is an †These authors contributed equally to this work.

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“…Fetal growth restriction due to reduced food intake reduced physical activity and energy expenditure, and increased obesity in female, not male offspring mice [17]. Diet with decreased percent of protein fed to rat mothers during weaning decreased in the offspring slightly body weight and fatness along with increased economy of following growth (expressed as g diet /g body weight increase), increased spontaneous PA level in running wheels and reduced experimental cardiac necrosis and mortality after isoprenaline application in adult age [6,18,19].…”

Section: Interrelationships Between Early Nutrition Related To Physicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy, Exercise and Late Effects in the Offspring until Adult Age

Pařízková¹

2017

SOJGOW

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Maternal exercise during pregnancy as one of the critical periods can have significant delayed effect in the offsprring's fetal imprinting of future development until adult age; adequate and voluntary exercise is provided, not a forced one as a stress. Spontaneous physical activity of the offspring until adult age can be increased, and body composition, cardiac micro structure and reactibility (greater resistance to noxi), vasomotor function, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity along with related diseases (diabetes) can be positively influenced. Bone development and also the enhancement of brain function and learning sensitivity can be improved as revealed in a number of experimental model animal studies. Exercise during pregnancy was also shown to compensate in the offspring the detrimental effect of inadequate, e.g. high fat diets. Possibility of introducing significant modifications of the programming of the offspring's desirable development and health status by adequate and physiological maternal exercise during pregnancy was supported also by some observations in humans. Keywords IntroductionThe level of physical activity (PA) and exercise (Ex) is an important environmental stimulus which has significant effect on a number of metabolic, humoral, functional, morphological, psychological and other characteristics of the organism which can manifest not only at present, but also as delayed consequences when implemented since the very beginning of life. Such effects depend on the character, intensity, frequency, duration of PA régimes and/or Ex, and the reaction and consequences can be also further modified by eventual adaptation to them when applied gradually and repeatedly during appropriate periods of time. Increased physical fitness, reduced adiposity along with reduced metabolic, musculoskeletal and psychological problems can result from adequate exercise, especially when applied during growth [1,2]. On the other hand, sudden forced implementation of increased Ex can become a stress with undesirable results as revealed e.g. in experimental models [3,4,5].Previous studies on the impact of Ex which modifies significantly energy balance and turnover showed also that the earlier such a stimulus is implemented and the longer it lasts, the more apparent are its manifestations; the adequacy of such a stimulus is essential, and should always have a character as related to the level of development of the organism when Ex is started to be implemented. Moreover, this effect can appear and has a special character when applied through the régime of PA of the pregnant mother [3][4][5][6].Fetal origin hypothesis of morbidity [4,5,7,8,9] and metabolic imprinting by prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors [6][7][8][9][10] concern also PA and Ex. Their impact can be transferred during pregnancy on the fetus due to physical activity régimes and reactive changes to them of the pregnant mother, and could manifest significantly in the offspring during its own postnatal period up to the adult age. The effect of PA ...

show abstract

Fetal growth restriction promotes physical inactivity and obesity in female mice

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Early life determinants of physical activity and sedentary time: Current knowledge and future research

Early life determinants of physical activity and sedentary time: Current knowledge and future research

Developmental programming of energy balance regulation: is physical activity more ‘programmable’ than food intake?

Pregnancy, Exercise and Late Effects in the Offspring until Adult Age

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