Fetal Growth Retardation in Rats from Different Levels of Hypoxia

Grauw, T. J. De; Myers, Ronald E.; Scott, William J.

doi:10.1159/000242515

Cited by 91 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some experimental studies of growth under manipulated O 2 are consistent with the WBE expectations; exposure to chronic hypoxia results in a decrease in adult size in some insects (Klok and Harrison 2009;Harrison et al 2010) as well as reduced growth rates in fish (Wang et al 2009), American alligators Alligator mississippiensis (Owerkowicz et al 2009), and embryonic mammals and birds (de Grauw et al 1986;Giussani et al 2007). For many species, processes like growth respond to hypoxia in a threshold manner and only under extreme conditions (Chabot and Dutil 1999;McNatt and Rice 2004).…”

Section: Testing Growth Models I: Changing Environmentssupporting

confidence: 65%

Testing Metabolic Theories

Kearney

White

2012

The American Naturalist

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. abstract: Metabolism is the process by which individual organisms acquire energy and materials from their environment and use them for maintenance, differentiation, growth, and reproduction. There has been a recent push to build an individual-based metabolic underpinning into ecological theory-that is, a metabolic theory of ecology. However, the two main theories of individual metabolism that have been applied in ecology-Kooijman's dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory and the West, Brown, and Enquist (WBE) theoryhave fundamentally different assumptions. Surprisingly, the core assumptions of these two theories have not been rigorously compared from an empirical perspective. Before we can build an understanding of ecology on the basis of individual metabolism, we must resolve the differences between these theories and thus set the appropriate foundation. Here we compare the DEB and WBE theories in detail as applied to ontogenetic growth and metabolic scaling, from which we identify circumstances where their predictions diverge most strongly. Promising experimental areas include manipulative studies of tissue regeneration, body shape, body condition, temperature, and oxygen. Much empirical work designed specifically with DEB and WBE theory in mind is required before any consensus can be reached on the appropriate theoretical basis for a metabolic theory of ecology.

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Section: Testing Growth Models I: Changing Environmentssupporting

confidence: 65%

Testing Metabolic Theories

Kearney

White

2012

The American Naturalist

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“…That the highland mother and fetus are hypoxic relative to lowland pregnancies has been determined in previous investigations (25,32,45,46). Furthermore, experiments in pregnant animals echo the contention that chronic hypoxia without undernutrition during pregnancy can lead to growth retardation in utero (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of Altitude versus Economic Status on Birth Weight and Body Shape at Birth

et al. 2001

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“…[21][22][23] Studies such as these have reported that chronic fetal hypoxia can program persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn and pulmonary hypertension in the adult offspring. 24 However, because maternal exposure to hypoxia can lead to a significant decrease in maternal food intake, 25 the extent to which any adverse effects on the pulmonary circulation of the offspring are due to under-nutrition and/or under-oxygenation, once again, remain unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Altitude Hypoxia and Echocardiographic Indices of Pulmonary Hypertension in Male and Female Chickens at Adulthood

Salinas

Blanco

Villena

et al. 2014

Circ J

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Circulation Journal Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society http://www. j-circ.or.jp ditions, again, remain uncertain.Experimental studies in animal models, including our own, have used exposure of pregnant mammals to chronic hypobaric or isobaric hypoxia during gestation and have studied the effects on fetal growth and on the cardiovascular system of the offspring in the newborn and adult periods. 21-23 Studies such as these have reported that chronic fetal hypoxia can program persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn and pulmonary hypertension in the adult offspring. 24 However, because maternal exposure to hypoxia can lead to a significant decrease in maternal food intake, 25 the extent to which any adverse effects on the pulmonary circulation of the offspring are due to under-nutrition and/or under-oxygenation, once again, remain unclear.The combination of HA exposure with the use of the chick embryo model permits investigation of the direct effects of HA hypoxia on growth and on cardiovascular development completely independent of alterations in placental function, independent of changes in the maternal physiology and independent of any effects of socioeconomic factors. Previously, we ulmonary hypertension continues to be an important clinical problem. 1-8 Studies of populations at high altitude (HA) have unequivocally reported intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension, 9-17 suggesting that a component of these conditions is associated with exposure to chronic hypoxia. However, because most highland populations are also impoverished, the relative contributions of chronic hypoxia or of chronic malnutrition during the fetal and postnatal periods in stunting growth and promoting pulmonary vascular disease during life at altitude remain uncertain.Similarly, clinical studies at sea level (SL) have reported an association between the IUGR infant and the early development of right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. 18-20 However, because IUGR in human high-risk pregnancy normally occurs as a result of increased placental vascular impedance with consequent falls in oxygen and nutrient delivery to the baby, the relative contributions of chronic hypoxia or of chronic malnutrition during the fetal period in slowing growth and promoting pulmonary vascular anomalies under these con- Background: By combining the chick embryo model with incubation at high altitude (HA), the effects of chronic hypoxia on fetal growth, fetal cardiac and aortic wall remodeling and systemic arterial blood pressure at adulthood were reported. Using non-invasive functional echocardiography, here we investigated the in vivo effects of HA hypoxia on the pulmonary circulation at adulthood in male and female chickens.

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Fetal Growth Retardation in Rats from Different Levels of Hypoxia

Cited by 91 publications

References 10 publications

Testing Metabolic Theories

Testing Metabolic Theories

Effects of Altitude versus Economic Status on Birth Weight and Body Shape at Birth

High-Altitude Hypoxia and Echocardiographic Indices of Pulmonary Hypertension in Male and Female Chickens at Adulthood

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