Fetal Macrosomia – A Continuing Obstetric Challenge

Heiskanen, Nonna; Raatikainen, Kaisa; Heinonen, Seppo

doi:10.1159/000092042

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1,2 Newborns with a low birth weight have increased risk for perinatal as well as adult morbidity and mortality, 2 whereas newborns with a high birth weight are at increased risk for several complications, such as shoulder dystocia, operative delivery, and birth canal lacerations. 3 High birth weight is also associated with increased risk during adulthood of type 2 diabetes and some types of cancer (for example, endometrial, breast, or prostate). 1,2,4,5 The effect of exercise training during the course of pregnancy on the newborn's birth weight is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

2009

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Objective: We examined the effect of light intensity resistance exercise training performed during the second and third trimester of pregnancy on the newborn's birth size. We also studied the association between maternal body weight prior to pregnancy and newborn's birth size. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Subjects: We randomly assigned 160 sedentary gravidae to either a training (n ¼ 80) or a control (n ¼ 80) group. The training programme focused on light resistance and toning exercises (three times per week, 35-40 min per session). We recorded the Apgar score, birth weight, birth length, and head circumference of the newborn, as well as gestational age at time of delivery from hospital perinatal records. We also measured maternal weight and height before parity and gestational weight gain. Results: Maternal characteristics neither differed between groups (all P40.1) nor newborn characteristics (all P40.1). Maternal body weight was positively and significantly associated with newborn's birth weight and length only in the control group (b ¼ 19.20 and 0.065, respectively, Po0.01). Conclusion: Light intensity resistance training performed over the second and third trimester of pregnancy does not have a negative impact on the newborn's body size or overall health. Exercise interventions might attenuate the adverse consequences of maternal body weight before pregnancy on the newborn's birth size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

2009

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“…Some authors too found that prolonged gestation was a risk factor for ≥ 4500 g macrosomia (5). Specifically, a gestational age at delivery > 41 weeks was a risk factor for some (4) while for others it was a gestational age > 42 weeks (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasons for this discrepancy being the low prevalence of neonatal complications observed by some authors when birth weight was < 4500 g compared to ≥ 4500g (1,7,8). Prevalence of macrosomic babies weighing 4500 g or more varies between 0.5% and 3.4% worldwide (2,6,9,10). There are several complications of macrosomia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are The Risk Factors For ≥4500 G Macrosomia?

Elie¹,

Roger²,

Nelson³

2015

JWRH

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Objective: To identify risk factors for ≥4500 g macrosomic babies given that maternal and neonatal complications of macrosomia increase with birth weight.Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Population: 42 women who delivered ≥4500 g babies and 126 women who delivered babies of 4000 to <4500 g were recruited.Methods: Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0. Analyses included the student t-test and the Fisher exact test. The level of significance was P<0.05. Main outcome measures:Fetal sex and birth weight, gestational age at delivery, maternal age at delivery, parity, mother's pre-gestational body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, father's BMI and past history of ≥4000 g macrosomia.Results: Main risk factors for ≥4500 g macrosomic babies were maternal weight gain of ≥16 kg (OR 4.2, 95%CI 2.0-8.9), maternal age ≥30 (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.8-8.2), post term (OR 2.3, 95%CI 0.9-5.6), past history of ≥4000 g macrosomia (OR 1.9, 95%CI 0.9-4.1) and male sex (OR 1.3, 95%CI 0.6-2.8). Conclusion:To reduce the risk of ≥4500 g macrosomic babies, women at risk should make efforts to gain less than 16 kg bodyweight during pregnancies. Moreover, post term pregnancies should be avoided.

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“…Factors related to high birth weight include maternal diabetes, advanced maternal age, maternal height, BMI and weight gain during pregnancy as well as gestational age and the sex of the child. [4,5,6]. Postulated mechanisms for the association of leukemia and birth weight have included exposure to growth factors (eg IGF-1) related to somatic growth and leukemogenesis [7], possible common genetic mechanisms or higher cell numbers in larger individuals providing increased opportunity for genetic errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very high birth weight of offspring is associated with an increased risk of leukemia in their mothers: Results of a population-based cohort study

et al. 2008

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Although the association between birthweight and childhood leukemia is well-described, the relation between a child's birthweight and parental risk of leukemia is unknown. We linked data from the Jerusalem Perinatal study to the Israel Cancer Registry to ascertain the incidence of leukemia in mothers and fathers in relation to their offspring's birthweight. Birthweight ≥4500 gm in any of the offspring was associated with a >3-fold risk of leukemia in mothers, but not fathers. Potential mechanisms include shared exposures of high-birthweight infants and their mothers, possibly to radiation or growth factors, or genetic pathways leading to both high birthweight and leukemia.

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Fetal Macrosomia – A Continuing Obstetric Challenge

Cited by 61 publications

References 28 publications

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

What Are The Risk Factors For ≥4500 G Macrosomia?

Very high birth weight of offspring is associated with an increased risk of leukemia in their mothers: Results of a population-based cohort study

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