Fetal megacystis: A systematic review

Isolated congenital megacystis with spontaneous resolution: a case report

“…According to a recent systematic review, fetal megacystis is most commonly defined as a longitudinal bladder dimension of ≥7 mm in the 1 st trimester, but in the 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters, it is often defined as no evidence of bladder emptying during a period of at least 45 min or a sagittal dimension (in mm) greater than the gestational age (in weeks) + 12 3) . Additional structural abnormalities such as a thickened bladder wall, objectively defined as a wall thickness of >3 mm, or the keyhole sign are present.…”

“…However, this systematic review notes only some consensus on the sonographic definition of fetal megacystis. The precise diagnosis is often uncertain until after birth 3) . The highlight of this case is the presence of a huge lower abdominal cystic mass discovered by fetal ultrasound in the 3 rd trimester.…”

“…There are many reports of megacystis with complications such as MMIHS, CIIPS, prune belly syndrome, posterior urethral valve, anorectal malformations, and transverse sinus thrombosis. Also, karyotype anomalies are found in 15% of infants with fetal megacystis, including mainly trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and trisomy 21 3) . However, due to the patient's clinical symptoms and clinical course, the karyotype was not investigated.…”

“…He was initially allowed to void 117 Isolated congenital megacystis spontaneously and passed meconium soon after birth. Ultrasonography of his abdomen showed an enlarged bladder with wall thickness of 2.9 mm 3) and no hydronephrosis.…”

“…Prenatal ultrasound at 36 weeks gestation. A complete structural ultrasound evaluation was performed by a trained ultrasonographer that revealed an enlarged bladder (71 mm in sagittal length) with failure to empty over at least 53 min, which is greater than the 45 min generally accepted as the upper limit of normal 3,10) . The scan shows the keyhole sign, representing dilatation of the posterior urethra.…”