“…Thus observation of small simple neonatal ovarian cysts with serial ultrasound, anticipating spontaneous involution and ovarian preservation, has evolved [8,13,17,31] . For larger ovarian cysts intervention in the form of aspiration or operation has been suggested [9][10][11][20][21][22] and may well be justifi ed, but we did not carry out any aspirations in the neonate during the study period. Whereas the aspiration of large simple neonatal cysts might prevent serious complications, both our neonatal cases presented with such complications already at birth, emphasising that simple cysts are not always clinically benign, aspiration after birth may at times be too late, and that complications, although rare [26] , are possible.…”