Fetal Pain

Lee, Susan J.; Ralston, Henry J. Peter; Drey, Eleanor A.; Partridge, John Colin; Rosen, Mark A.

doi:10.1001/jama.294.8.947

Cited by 332 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The issue demands consideration of the physical and psychological basis of being and the relation between the two [67]. There is no objective measurement of ‘pain’; it is a subjective experience.…”

Section: Fetal Anesthetic Aspects Of Fetal Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether a fetus is capable of experiencing pain as a conscious and emotional feeling remains unclear and is subject to great debate [67], but we cannot deny that the fetal nervous system mounts protective responses to tissue injury. A physiological fetal reaction to painful stimuli occurs from between 16 and 24 weeks’ gestation on.…”

Section: Fetal Anesthetic Aspects Of Fetal Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fetal and Maternal Analgesia/Anesthesia for Fetal Procedures

Velde

Buck

2012

Fetal Diagn Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For many prenatally diagnosed conditions, treatment is possible before birth. These fetal procedures can range from minimal invasive punctions to full open fetal surgery. Providing anesthesia for these procedures is a challenge, where care has to be taken for both mother and fetus. There are specific physiologic changes that occur with pregnancy that have an impact on the anesthetic management of the mother. When providing maternal anesthesia, there is also an impact on the fetus, with concerns for potential negative side effects of the anesthetic regimen used. The question whether the fetus is capable of feeling pain is difficult to answer, but there are indications that nociceptive stimuli have a physiologic reaction. This nociceptive stimulation of the fetus also has the potential for longer-term effects, so there is a need for fetal analgesic treatment. The extent to which a fetus is influenced by the maternal anesthesia depends on the type of anesthesia, with different needs for extra fetal anesthesia or analgesia. When providing fetal anesthesia, the potential negative consequences have to be balanced against the intended benefits of blocking the physiologic fetal responses to nociceptive stimulation.

show abstract

Section: Fetal Anesthetic Aspects Of Fetal Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fetal Anesthetic Aspects Of Fetal Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal and Maternal Analgesia/Anesthesia for Fetal Procedures

Velde

Buck

2012

Fetal Diagn Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Das Mortalitätsrisiko bei Schwangerschaftsabbrü-chen steigt mit dem Gestationsalter [5] und könnte durch den derzeit experimentellen Charakter der fetalen Anästhe-sie unverantwortlich erhöht werden. Auf diesen Aspekt weisen auch Lee et al [8] in ihrer Replik auf die eingegangen Leserbriefe zu diesem Thema explizit hin. Darüber hinaus ist eine Extrapolation von der Schmerzempfindung des Frühgeborenen auf die Schmerzempfindung des Fetus zumindest fragwürdig [9].…”

Section: Kommentarunclassified

Fetaler Schmerz – ein systematischer multidisziplinärer Überblick

Schwarzer

Zenz

2006

Schmerz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regrouping the evolutionary analysis of Barresi & Moore (1996), primarily based on social interactions (see also Trivers 1985), and the developmental data of Zelazo (1996Zelazo ( , 2004, Lagercrantz Bartocci et al 2006) and others ( Johnson 2005;Lee et al 2005) on the human newborn, one may propose a breakdown of 'consciousness' into multiplenested hierarchical levels. Beyond Edelman's (1989) cleavage between what he refers to as 'primary' and 'higher-order' consciousness primarily on the basis of language use, one may suggest the following distinctions: (i) A lowest level of 'minimal consciousness' for simple organisms, like rats or mice, is characterized by the capacity to display spontaneous motor activity and to create representations, for instance, from visual and auditory experience, to store them in long-term memory and use them, for instance, for approach and avoidance behaviour and for what is referred to as exploratory behaviour.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ferrier Lecture 1998 The molecular biology of consciousness investigated with genetically modified mice

Changeux

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The question is raised of the relevance of experimental work with the mouse and some of its genetically modified individuals in the study of consciousness. Even if this species does not go far beyond the level of 'minimal consciousness', it may be a useful animal model to examine the elementary building blocks of consciousness using the methods of molecular biology jointly with investigations at the physiological and behavioural levels. These building blocks which are anticipated to be universally shared by higher organisms (from birds to humans) may include: (i) the access to multiple states of vigilance, like wakefulness, sleep, general anaesthesia, etc.; (ii) the capacity for global integration of several sensory and cognitive functions, together with behavioural flexibility resulting in what is referred to as exploratory behaviour, and possibly a minimal form of intentionality. In addition, the contribution of defined neuronal nicotinic receptors species to some of these processes is demonstrated and the data discussed within the framework of recent neurocomputational models for access to consciousness.

show abstract

Fetal Pain

Cited by 332 publications

References 88 publications

Fetal and Maternal Analgesia/Anesthesia for Fetal Procedures

Fetal and Maternal Analgesia/Anesthesia for Fetal Procedures

Fetaler Schmerz – ein systematischer multidisziplinärer Überblick

The Ferrier Lecture 1998 The molecular biology of consciousness investigated with genetically modified mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About