Fetal ultrasonography: biometric data from four African primate species

Bourry, Olivier; Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer, Odile; Blanchard, Anne; Rouquet, Pierre

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2005.00140.x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Diminishing wild populations, international regulations on protected species, and research requirements for animals with known health status have virtually halted sampling from wild populations and have placed the accent on captive breeding (Bourry et al 2005). Reproductive monitoring, including uterine examination, has always been a great concern in gynecology, since the uterus is the organ responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy and may be affected by various diseases that reduce fertility or cause severe damage to female health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian and Uterine Ultrasonography in Aotus azarai infulatus

et al. 2009

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We evaluated the uterus and ovaries of owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus) via gynecological ultrasound examination. We evaluated the subjects in 2 different time periods. The first period (P1) was characterized by the absence of mating, with daily examinations, during 4 mo (n=10). At the end of P1, we paired the subjects for 30 d, but without ultrasonographic evaluation. The second period (P2) was characterized by the presence of mating, with examinations once a week, during 7 consecutive months (n=9). We evaluated the uterus and ovaries in sagittal and transverse scans, using a 5-12 MHz linear array probe. The uterine volume (UV) was directly proportional to the number of previous parturitions. The right ovary volume (RtOV) is greater than the left (LtOV) in P1 and P2. There is a positive correlation (p<0.05) between the females' mass, RtOV (r=0.28) and LtOV (r=0.16).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian and Uterine Ultrasonography in Aotus azarai infulatus

et al. 2009

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“…The comparison of the Milwaukee Formulas with earlier published data for P. troglodytes [Bourry et al, 2006] revealed that there are only minor differences between the two species. Regarding BPD, P. paniscus and P. troglodytes show a similar growth progression (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…To demonstrate the differences in prenatal growth in P. paniscus , its closest relative P. troglodytes , and humans, we compared the Milwaukee Formulas with earlier published formulas for the two other species [Bourry et al, 2006; Hadlock et al, 1984]. The absolute dimensions are displayed in simple growth graphs (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the published formulas of P. troglodytes , an average gestation duration of 229 days was calculated [Bourry et al, 2006]. The average pregnancy duration of humans is 282 days post‐menstruation [Kieler et al, 1995] and 274 days p.o.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasonography is a non‐invasive means to gather information about the well‐being and growth of the fetus, gestational age, placental development, and prediction of the date of parturition. Growth graphs for prenatal development have been developed for other great apes, such as the common chimpanzee ( P. troglodytes ) and the gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) [Bourry et al, 2006]. Prenatal growth in the bonobo has been documented in one animal in the second half of gestation [Teare et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic monitoring of fetal development in unrestrained bonobos (Pan paniscus) at the Milwaukee County Zoo

Drews

Harmann

Beehler³

et al. 2011

Zoo Biology

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The bonobo, Pan paniscus, is one of the most endangered primate species. In the context of the Bonobo Species Survival Plan(®), the Milwaukee County Zoo established a successful breeding group. Although the bonobo serves as a model species for human evolution, no prenatal growth curves are available. To develop growth graphs, the animals at the Milwaukee County Zoo were trained by positive reinforcement to allow for ultrasound exams without restraint. With this method, the well being of mother and fetus were maintained and ultrasound exams could be performed frequently. The ovulation date of the four animals in the study was determined exactly so that gestational age was known for each examination. Measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were used to create growth curves. Prenatal growth of P. paniscus was compared with the data of humans and the common chimpanzee, P. troglodytes. With respect to cranial structures, such as BPD and HC, humans have significant acceleration of growth compared with P. paniscus and P. troglodytes. In P. paniscus, growth of AC was similar to HC throughout pregnancy, whereas in humans AC only reaches the level of HC close to term. Growth rate of FL was similar in humans and the two Pan species until near day 180 post-ovulation. After that, the Pan species FL growth slowed compared with human FL. The newly developed fetal growth curves of P. paniscus will assist in monitoring prenatal development and predicting birth dates of this highly endangered species.

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Determination of Fetal Age by Ultrasonography in St. Kitts Green Monkeys

Redmond

Evans²

2012

American J Primatol

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Ultrasound assessments of fetal growth have been used in other species of primates to estimate fetal age, but there are no published morphometrics for the St. Kitts green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus), a species that has been important for studies of transplantation of fetal tissue into the brain as potential treatment for degenerative disease. Previous studies with other primate species have used relatively small numbers of pregnancies, measured repeatedly, to derive regressions for predicting fetal age from ultrasound studies. The present study derives data from 967 pregnancies, collected over a 9-year period, for predicting fetal age from ultrasound measurements of crown rump length, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length in the St. Kitts green monkey. Linear and polynomial regressions were determined from pregnancies dated from a 3- to 4-day breeding period and confirmed in a second, independent group of pregnant monkeys with more extended breeding times to determine their accuracy for predicting fetal age. Although similar to morphometrics reported in other monkey species, there were some significant differences. These data will improve the estimates of fetal ages in previously published studies of St. Kitts green monkeys and provide more precise estimates of fetal age in studies of fetal development, genomics, and reproductive toxicology.

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Fetal ultrasonography: biometric data from four African primate species

Abstract: These data, by providing a tool to evaluate precise gestational age, will be useful for centers raising these four primate species.

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Ovarian and Uterine Ultrasonography in Aotus azarai infulatus

Ovarian and Uterine Ultrasonography in Aotus azarai infulatus

Ultrasonographic monitoring of fetal development in unrestrained bonobos (Pan paniscus) at the Milwaukee County Zoo

Determination of Fetal Age by Ultrasonography in St. Kitts Green Monkeys

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