Fetor ex ore

Massler, Maury; Emslie, R. D.; Bolden, Theodore E.

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(51)90529-4

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The oral malodor is manifested because of the pro duction of volatile compounds through the putrefactive action 6-9 of microorganisms on exogenous and endoge nous proteinaceous substrates, namely exfoliated oral epithelium, salivary corpuscles, food debris, saliva and blood. 10 In the process, the proteins undergo proteoly sis to peptides and constituent amino acids 6 which are further degraded to highly volatile compounds that impart an offensive odor to mouth air. 6 This manifesta tion occurs in mouths of all individuals.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Odor Production: Putrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Origin of Oral Malodor: A Review of Mechanisms and Methods of Analysis

Tonzetich¹

1977

Journal of Periodontology

550

452

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Organoleptic studies indicate that the oral cavity is usually the principal source of physiologic malodor associated with the early morning halitosis. In all individuals, regardless of the age or health status of the oral tissues, the most intense oral malodor is exhibited after prolonged periods of reduced saliva flow and abstinence from food and liquid. This results from normal metabolic activity in the oral cavity and is accentuated in cases with periodontal involvement. Physiologic oral malodor is transient in duration as it can be controlled to varying degrees in most individuals by oral hygiene measures, such as tooth brushing, dental prophylaxis, tongue scraping and rinsing with antiseptic mouth washes. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that putrefaction of sulphur-containing proteinaceous substrates by predominantly gram-negative oral microorganisms is the primary cause of oral malodor. Optimum putrefactive activity occurs in low carbohydrate environment, physiological pH, and anaerobic conditions. Salivary sediment containing the exfoliated epithelial cells is the primary source of substrate which exists in a disulphide state. Proteolysis and reduction of disulphide bonds precedes the formation of odor. The odor intensity of putrescent saliva and plaque head-space vapor has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds consisting of hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide. Except for dimethyl disulphide, the same sulphur-containing compounds have been found in mouth air of all tested individuals. Hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan emanate an offensive putrid odor and account for approxiamtely 90% of the total sulphur content of mouth air. In half of the population tested, methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulphide content of early morning mouth air is sufficiently high to account for the oral malodor. Brushing studies indicate that both plaque and tongue are important sources of malodor with most of the odor emanating from the dorso-posterior surface of the tongue. None of the gas chromatographic or mass spectrometric analyses have detected the presence of amines, indole, or skatole in the head-space, mouth air, or breath vapor samples.

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Section: Factors Influencing Odor Production: Putrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Origin of Oral Malodor: A Review of Mechanisms and Methods of Analysis

Tonzetich¹

1977

Journal of Periodontology

550

452

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“…3 One mistaken concept blames the stomach for most halitosis cases. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The etiology of bad breath is usually (85% to 90%) an oral cavity phenomenon. 4,5 Halitosis, also called fetor ex ore or fetor oris, is the offensive or unpleasant odor eliminated from the oral cavity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is safe to say that only through gastric eructation (belching) will there be the elimination of aggressive breath from the stomach, since in resting conditions, the cardia zone is contracted and the sphincter pressure prevents reflux. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The overgrowth of proteolytic, anaerobic bacteria on the tongue's surface has been reported as a halitosis etiologic factor. Much has been said regarding the etiology of halitosis: retention of odorous meal particles between the teeth; tongue coating; gingivi-tis; acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis; periodontosis; dehydration after physical activity; caries; badly finished, cleaned, or adapted prosthesis; premenstrual periods; smoker's breath; surgical healing or tooth extraction wounds; intestinal dyspepsia; esophagus reflux; and sinusitis and rhinosinusitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue‐Cleaning Methods: A Comparative Clinical Trial Employing a Toothbrush and a Tongue Scraper

Pedrazzi

Sato

Mattos

et al. 2004

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Non-oral etiologies include upper and lower respiratory disturbance, gastrointestinal disorders and various systemic diseases (5). Moreover, stress has also been reported as one of the etiological factors of bad breath (6,7). Academic examination is an example of a stressful situation (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between stressful situations, salivary flow rate and oral volatile sulfur‐containing compounds

Queiroz

Fujimaki

Tabchoury

et al. 2002

European J Oral Sciences

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The relationship between stress, salivary flow rate and oral volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSCs) is not clearly established. Two stressful situations were studied: psychological stress caused by a biochemistry examination (Study I) and psychophysiological stress caused by premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (Study II). Seventy-one undergraduate dental students took part in Study I and VSCs were measured 1 wk before the examination, on the day of examination and 1 wk after. In Study II, 50 women were selected (23 with and 27 without PMS) and the measurements were made during non-menstrual, premenstrual and menstrual stages. Unstimulated salivary flow was determined in the subjects of both studies. On the day of the biochemistry examination, VSCs significantly increased and salivary flow decreased compared with baseline values. Women with PMS showed higher VSC concentrations during the premenstrual stage than those without PMS (P < 0.05), but the salivary flow was not statistically different. A change in VSCs was observed during different stages of the menstrual cycle for the groups of women, but the salivary flow did not change. The results suggest that a stressful situation can be a predisposing factor for the increase of VSCs in the mouth air, but the mechanism cannot be simply explained by reduction of the salivary flow.

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Fetor ex ore

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

Production and Origin of Oral Malodor: A Review of Mechanisms and Methods of Analysis

Production and Origin of Oral Malodor: A Review of Mechanisms and Methods of Analysis

Tongue‐Cleaning Methods: A Comparative Clinical Trial Employing a Toothbrush and a Tongue Scraper

Relationship between stressful situations, salivary flow rate and oral volatile sulfur‐containing compounds

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