Fetoscopic and ultrasound‐guided decompression of the fetal trachea in a human fetus with Fraser syndrome and congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) from laryngeal atresia

Abstract

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)from

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS). Five case report.

“…It is possible that earlier fetoscopic bronchoscopy may decompress the upper airway and allow an efficient functional lung development [7]. The only available postnatal treatment option to sustain the survival of the fetuses with CHAOS is ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) with tracheal intubation and safe airway control [8,9].…”

Antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome - a chaotic state: a case report

“…Several successful cases have been reported. 8,9 Even with the presence of hydrops fetalis, successful fetal intervention by tracheostomy and EXIT procedure were recorded . 10,11 CHAOS is a rare and fatal cause of congenital airway obstruction if unrecognized during prenatal period.…”

Fetal laryngoscopy to evaluate vocal folds in a fetus with congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)

“…The present case report demonstrates the utility of fetoscopic laryngoscopy to define the fetal laryngeal anatomy. Fetal laryngoscopy has been used previously for decompression of laryngeal or tracheal obstruction in CHAOS 4,5 . However, to our knowledge, this procedure has not previously been used for diagnostic and prognostic indications.…”