Few-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: A Review

Bigot, Laurent; Cocq, Guillaume Le; Quiquempois, Yves

doi:10.1109/jlt.2014.2376975

Cited by 80 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It includes a ground state, metastable state, and excited state, which is suitable to realize the population inversion between the metastable state and ground state to amplify a signal light whose wavelength is around the 1550 nm window (C-band). We used the Giles and Desurvire model to carry out the analyses upon the population conversion, which is widely used in simulations for fiber amplifiers [29][30][31][32][33]. Owing to the lifetime of the Erbium ion in the metastable state, which is much larger than that in the excited state, the particles of the excited state can be ignored; therefore, the model is considered as a two-level system.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Layer Erbium-Doped Air-Core Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber Amplifier for Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing System

Zhang

Han

et al. 2019

Crystals

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Orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode-division multiplexing (MDM) has recently been under intense investigations as a new way to increase the capacity of fiber communication. In this paper, a two-layer Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for an OAM multiplexing system is proposed. The amplifier is based on the circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF), which can maintain a stable transmission for 14 OAM modes by a large index difference between the fiber core and the cladding. Further, the two-layer doped region can balance the amplification performance of different modes. The relationship between the performance and the parameters of the amplifier is analyzed numerically to optimize the amplifier design. The optimized amplifier can amplify 18 modes (14 OAM modes) simultaneously over the C-band with a differential mode gain (DMG) lower than 0.1 dB while keeping the modal gain over 23 dB and noise figure below 4 dB. Finally, the fabrication tolerance and feasibility are discussed. The result shows a relatively large fabrication tolerance in the OAM EDFA parameters.Crystals 2019, 9, 156 2 of 10 capacity in a MDM system [5]. For communications using OAM beams, there are two key problems to be solved. One is the optical vortex generation, which is the most fundamental technique to implement OAM multiplexing. The optical vortex can be generated by a variety of schemes, such as spatial light modulator [6] and modified interference of different modes [7]. A liquid-crystal spatial light modulator is another promising scheme for generating OAM modes, which exhibits some good properties including simplicity, high efficiency, and reconfiguration [8][9][10]. Another is the optical vortex beam transmission, which needs the fiber supporting OAM modes. In current research, the ring fiber was designed mostly to transmit OAM modes [11][12][13][14][15]. The circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) was also proposed as a potential OAM fiber structure [16][17][18][19]. One fiber can transmit several dozens of mutually orthogonal modes. To date, terabit data transmission based on an OAM fiber has been demonstrated [20]. The transmission distance of the OAM mode in fibers has already reached 50 km [21]. However, many techniques are still needed for handling the implementation of long-haul MDM systems based on OAM modes. OAM carrier signal amplification is one of the critical techniques.The Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) not only allows the light signal to be amplified online directly but also possesses the same range between amplification wavelength and the low loss wavelength of optical fibers, which is suitable for MDM systems based on OAM modes. However, unlike the single-mode fiber amplifier, there are tens (even dozens) of modes in the OAM fiber amplifier. The transverse distribution of each mode is different. The biggest difference of these mode gains was defined as differential mode gain (DMG) [22]. DMG should be low enough to ensure approximately equal amplification of the multimode in the fiber.In recent studies, most designs...

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Layer Erbium-Doped Air-Core Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber Amplifier for Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing System

Zhang

Han

et al. 2019

Crystals

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“…In this paper, the parameter related to the noise figure will not be addressed. On the other hand, DMG is defined as the differential gain between two points of the spectrum of the amplified optical modes, as [11] …”

Section: Performance Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the example, the value of DSG reaches 7.8 dB (for LP 01 mode) while the DMG can be as high as 11.02 dB (at 1531 nm). Finally, the ∆G parameter represents the maximum differential gain between two different wavelengths, regardless of the spatial mode, and mathematically defined as [11]:…”

Section: Performance Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

EDFA Design and Analysis for WDM Optical Systems Based on Modal Multiplexing

Herbster

Romero

2017

J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl.

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“…Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) appears as a promising solution to increase the data transmission rates accessible in a unique fiber and face the so-called capacity crunch [1,2]. Moreover, even if similar capacity can be reached by using N-Single Mode Fibers (SMFs) instead of a N-mode Few-Mode Fiber (FMF), the integration of specific functions (amplification, for example) in a single component rather than using N individual components is of great interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplification sharing of non-degenerate modes in an elliptical-core few-mode erbium-doped fiber

Trinel¹,

Quiquempois²,

Rouge³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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We report on the study of a possible first step integration of mode division multiplexed optical component for single-mode fiber networks. State-of-the-art on few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is used to integrate the amplification function in a single component, which is expected to save energy in comparison to parallelized active components. So as to limit the impact of modal cross-talk, an elliptical-core few-mode erbium-doped fiber has been used to assemble an amplifier sharing setup for different single mode fibers, using non-degenerate modes. With this simple setup, we show the level of performances that can be reached for cross-talk, gain, differential modal gain and losses and discuss the ways to improve them for a possible integration in a real network.

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Few-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: A Review

Cited by 80 publications

References 48 publications

Two-Layer Erbium-Doped Air-Core Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber Amplifier for Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing System

Two-Layer Erbium-Doped Air-Core Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber Amplifier for Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing System

EDFA Design and Analysis for WDM Optical Systems Based on Modal Multiplexing

Amplification sharing of non-degenerate modes in an elliptical-core few-mode erbium-doped fiber

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