Feynman-Vernon influence functional approach to quantum transport in interacting nanojunctions: An analytical hierarchical study

Abstract

We present a nonperturbative and formally exact approach for the charge transport in interacting nanojunctions based on a real-time path-integral formulation of the reduced system dynamics. For reservoirs of noninteracting fermions, the exact trace over the leads' degrees of freedom results in the time-nonlocal Feynman-Vernon influence functional, a functional of the Grassmann-valued paths of the nanojunction, which induces correlations among the tunneling transitions in and out of the nanojunction. An expansion of the influence functional in terms of the number of tunneling transitions, and integration of the Grassmann variables between the tunneling times, allows us to obtain a still exact generalized master equation for the populations of the reduced density matrix in the occupation-number representation, as well as a formally exact expression for the current. By borrowing the nomenclature of the famous spin-boson model, we parametrize the two-state dynamics of each single-particle fermionic degree of freedom, in the occupation-number representation, in terms of blips and sojourns. We apply our formalism to the exactly solvable resonant level model (RLM) and to the single-impurity Anderson model (SIAM), the latter being a prototype system for studying strong correlations. For both systems, we demonstrate a hierarchical diagrammatic structure. While the hierarchy closes at the second tier for the RLM, this is not the case for the interacting SIAM. Upon inspection of the current kernel, known results from various perturbative and nonperturbative approximation schemes to quantum transport in the SIAM are recovered. Finally, a noncrossing approximation for the hierarchical kernel is developed, which enables us to systematically decrease temperature at each next level of the approximation. Analytical results for a simplified fourth-tier scheme are presented both in equilibrium and nonequilibrium and with an applied magnetic field.

Initial value formulation of a quantum damped harmonic oscillator

“…Amongst exactly solvable ones are the quantum damped harmonic oscillator (DHO) and linear Brownian motion, for which a standard reference is the textbook [11]. An incomplete list of other problems where it has been used is the study of quantum Brownian motion in different environments [12,13], quantum transport in interacting nanojunctions [14], decoherence in interacting QFTs [15,16] and inflation [17], entanglement in primordial correlations [18,19], coarse-graining in interacting QFTs [20,21], and open holographic QFTs [22]. Given the versatility of the method, in this paper, we revisit one of the simplest out-of-equilibrium quantum systems described by an influence functional -a quantum DHO -with a goal of developing an effective field theory-inspired approach to the problem.…”