Fiber and Cancer Protection — Mechanisms

Klurfeld, David M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5967-2_26

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Systemic effects related to sugar or lipid metabolism may also affect cancer risk (5,10). However, it is likely that a modulating effect on developing colon cancer is not caused by a single factor but on interaction between several factors (33). In this study there was a protective effect on tumor development of the two undigestible carbohydrates, oligofructose and inulin, compared to highly digestible carbohydrates, such as sucrose or cornstarch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Carbohydrate Digestibility Predicts Colon Carcinogenesis in Azoxymethane-Treated Rats

Jacobsen¹,

Poulsen²,

Dragsted³

et al. 2006

Nutrition and Cancer

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The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of carbohydrate structure and digestibility on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis. Five groups of male Fischer 344 rats each comprising 30 animals were injected with AOM and fed a high-fat diet with 15% of various carbohydrates. The carbohydrate sources used were sucrose, cornstarch (a linear starch, reference group), potato starch (a branched starch), a short-chained oligofructose (Raftilose), and a long-chained inulin-type fructan (Raftiline). An interim sacrifice was performed after 9 wk to investigate markers of carbohydrate digestibility, including caecal fermentation (caecum weight and pH) and glucose and lipid metabolism [glucose, fructoseamine, HbA1c, triglycerides, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1]. In addition potential early predictors of carcinogenicity [cell proliferation and aberrant crypt foci (ACF)] at 9 wk and their correlation to colon cancer risk after 32 wk were investigated. Tumor incidence was significantly reduced in animals fed oligofructose, and the number of tumors per animal was significantly reduced in animals fed inulin and oligofructose at 32 wk after AOM induction compared to the reference group fed sucrose. Increased caecum weight and decreased caecal pH were seen in groups fed oligofructose, inulin, and potato starch. Plasma triglyceride was decreased in rats fed oligofructose and inulin. Cell proliferation was increased in the proximal colon of rats fed sucrose, oligofructose, and inulin, and the number of cells per crypt decreased in rats fed oligofructose and inulin. The total number of ACF's was unaffected by treatment, and the size and multiplicity of ACF was unrelated to tumor development. It was concluded that less digestible carbohydrates with an early effect on caecum fermentation and plasma triglyceride decreased subsequent tumor incidence and multiplicity. This was unrelated to ACF, cell proliferation, and other markers of glucose and lipid metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Carbohydrate Digestibility Predicts Colon Carcinogenesis in Azoxymethane-Treated Rats

Jacobsen¹,

Poulsen²,

Dragsted³

et al. 2006

Nutrition and Cancer

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“…These food groups have been shown to have a protective effect against CRC through various mechanisms [31,32]. They are good sources of various micronutrients and other compounds including minerals, vitamins A, C, E, carotenoids, selenium, flavonoids, and fibres, which display overlapping and complementary mechanisms of action, such as binding and dilution of carcinogens and anti-oxidant effects [31,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are good sources of various micronutrients and other compounds including minerals, vitamins A, C, E, carotenoids, selenium, flavonoids, and fibres, which display overlapping and complementary mechanisms of action, such as binding and dilution of carcinogens and anti-oxidant effects [31,33]. Higher intake of dietary fibre and whole grains may bind and dilute potential carcinogens in stool and speed up their transit through the intestines [32,33]. These actions may consequently change the colonic flora to an environment that is protective against CRC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer in Tehran Province: a case–control study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundColorectal cancer is the third and fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men and women, respectively in Iran. However, the role of dietary factors that could contribute to this high cancer incidence remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine major dietary patterns and its relationship with colorectal cancer.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted in four hospitals in Tehran city of Iran. A total of 71 patients (35 men and 36 women, aged 40–75 years) with incident clinically confirmed colorectal cancer (CRC) and 142 controls (70 men and 72 women, aged 40–75 years) admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic diseases were recruited and interviewed. Dietary data were assessed by 125-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer.ResultsTwo major dietary patterns (Healthy pattern and Western pattern) were derived using principal component analysis. Each dietary pattern explained 11.9% (Healthy pattern) and 10.3% (Western pattern) of the variation in food intake, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the Healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR= 0.227; 95% CI=0.108–0.478) while an increased risk of colorectal cancer was observed with the Western dietary pattern (OR=2.616; 95% CI= 1.361-5.030).ConclusionSpecific dietary patterns, which include healthy and western patterns, may be associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. This diet-disease relationship can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating for the prevention of chronic disease, particularly colorectal cancer in the Iranian population.

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“…Both lipid and nitrogenous compounds have been implicated as precursors to cancerpromoting compounds [1,12]. It has been argued that some dietary fibers promote a healthy colon environment, because more butyrate is produced during fermentation of the fiber [8,35]. Many of the beneficial effects of butyrate were detected in vitro and have not been reproduced during in vivo experiments [35,36].…”

Section: Mixed Fiber Diets and Stool Compositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most sources of insoluble fiber and fiber provided by mixedfood diets increase stool weight and normalize gastrointestinal transit time and defecation frequency [1,2,7], physiological responses protective against colon diseases, such as diverticulosis and cancer. Although the mechanisms by which diet impacts on the health of the large intestine remain elusive [8 -10], it is well established that an energy dense diet which is high in fat and low in dietary fiber is linked with a higher incidence of colorectal cancer [8,9]. Major postulated mechanisms to explain the role of a diet adequate in fiber in colon health emphasize three aspects of the colonic environment [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Residue and Bacteria as Bases for Increased Stool Weight Accompanying Consumption of Higher Dietary Fiber Diets

Kurasawa

Haack

Marlett

2000

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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Fiber and Cancer Protection — Mechanisms

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Carbohydrate Digestibility Predicts Colon Carcinogenesis in Azoxymethane-Treated Rats

Carbohydrate Digestibility Predicts Colon Carcinogenesis in Azoxymethane-Treated Rats

Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer in Tehran Province: a case–control study

Plant Residue and Bacteria as Bases for Increased Stool Weight Accompanying Consumption of Higher Dietary Fiber Diets

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