Fiber bend losses produced by soft and swellable materials for hydrocarbon detection

Beltrán-Pérez, G.; Kuzin, E. A.; Camas-Anzueto, J.L.; López, Rosa María Tejero; Spirin, V. V.; Márquez‐Lucero, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01210-5

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In case of micro-bend FOSs, optical losses are induced by the measurand that modulates the amplitude of the light propagating inside the optical fiber and, thus, modulates the power loss of the optical fiber link. In order to modulate the amplitude of the light propagating inside the optical fiber, a transducer mechanism, which can be based on two plates with saw-shaped edges [ 72 ] or spiral wires wrapped around the optical fiber [ 54 , 68 , 73 ], is applied. In both cases, the bending of the optical fiber causes light coupling from the core mode to the cladding modes, which are highly attenuated by the primary coating of the fiber and, thus, induces light attenuation as a direct result of the bend experienced by the fiber.…”

Section: Fiber Optic Sensors (Foss) For the Shm Of Concrete Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Optic Sensors Embedded in Textile-Reinforced Concrete for Smart Structural Health Monitoring: A Review

Alwis

Bremer

Roth

2021

Sensors

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The last decade has seen rapid developments in the areas of carbon fiber technology, additive manufacturing technology, sensor engineering, i.e., wearables, and new structural reinforcement techniques. These developments, although from different areas, have collectively paved way for concrete structures with non-corrosive reinforcement and in-built sensors. Therefore, the purpose of this effort is to bridge the gap between civil engineering and sensor engineering communities through an overview on the up-to-date technological advances in both sectors, with a special focus on textile reinforced concrete embedded with fiber optic sensors. The introduction section highlights the importance of reducing the carbon footprint resulting from the building industry and how this could be effectively achieved by the use of state-of-the-art reinforcement techniques. Added to these benefits would be the implementations on infrastructure monitoring for the safe operation of structures through their entire lifespan by utilizing sensors, specifically, fiber optic sensors. The paper presents an extensive description on fiber optic sensor engineering that enables the incorporation of sensors into the reinforcement mechanism of a structure at its manufacturing stage, enabling effective monitoring and a wider range of capabilities when compared to conventional means of structural health monitoring. In future, these developments, when combined with artificial intelligence concepts, will lead to distributed sensor networks for smart monitoring applications, particularly enabling such distributed networks to be implemented/embedded at their manufacturing stage.

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Section: Fiber Optic Sensors (Foss) For the Shm Of Concrete Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Optic Sensors Embedded in Textile-Reinforced Concrete for Smart Structural Health Monitoring: A Review

Alwis

Bremer

Roth

2021

Sensors

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“…Both the PVA rod and the optical SM fibre were then tied together by use of a helically twisted thread. The optimum performance of the device, in terms of response time and attenuation, was observed when using a winding pitch of between 8 mm and 15 mm [11] for the helically twisted thread. Finally the swellable polymeric fibre optic sensor thus created was covered using a felt wick where this felt wick acts as a protective cover, as well as extending the water-exposure area of the PVA rod due to its water transport capabilities.…”

Section: Fibre Optic Swellable Polymeric Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different approaches have been reported for the design of such fibre optic swellable polymeric systems of this type. For instance, a hydrogel coated central rod [9,10] or a hydrogel only [11,12] have been configured with an optical fibre by, for example creating a helically twisted thread with a winding pitch of several millimetres. The helically twisted thread acts to create microbends in the fibre so that, in the presence of water, the hydrogel swells and causes an attenuation of the light within the optical fibre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sewerage tunnel leakage detection using a fibre optic moisture-detecting sensor system

Bremer

Meinhardt‐Wollweber

Thiel³

et al. 2014

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link a b s t r a c tThe design and development of a new fibre optic sensor system for the optical detection of leakages in sewerage tunnels is reported. The system developed overcomes the disadvantages of the usually employed camera based inspection systems which are relatively complex and, in addition, require cleaning of the structures to be monitored beforehand. The sensor concept created combines a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG)-based humidity sensor and a swellable polymeric fibre optic sensor. Both sensors are located along the sewerage tunnel so that they can response immediately to any leakages that may occur. The swellable polymeric fibre optic sensor shows a response of 34.2 dB in the presence of water, a performance which is superior to that seen form other swellable polymeric fibre optic sensors reported so far. Furthermore, the resistance of both sensors to highly alkaline environments (pH 13.4), an important feature of such sensors was verified. Consequently, when compared to the use of conventional inspection techniques, the novel fibre optic sensor system provides a robust, relatively low-cost and continuous monitoring system well suited to use in sewerage tunnels.

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“…These can be implemented by a configuration of quasi-distributed sensing techniques for multi-sensor systems. In the water leak detection methods, swellable material techniques have been employed due to their simple detection scheme since they absorb water and result in a bending loss due to their expansion [ 8 , 9 ]. For detecting sensing locations and levels of events, an optical time domain reflection (OTDR) technique has been widely employed [ 10 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Fiber Optic Sensor Probe with a Pair of Highly Reflected Connectors and a Vessel of Water Absorption Material for Water Leak Detection

Cho

Choi

Seo

et al. 2012

Sensors

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The use of a fiber optic quasi-distributed sensing technique for detecting the location and severity of water leakage is suggested. A novel fiber optic sensor probe is devised with a vessel of water absorption material called as water combination soil (WCS) located between two highly reflected connectors: one is a reference connector and the other is a sensing connector. In this study, the sensing output is calculated from the reflected light signals of the two connectors. The first reflected light signal is a reference and the second is a sensing signal which is attenuated by the optical fiber bending loss due to the WCS expansion absorbing water. Also, the bending loss of each sensor probe is determined by referring to the total number of sensor probes and the total power budget of an entire system. We have investigated several probe characteristics to show the design feasibility of the novel fiber sensor probe. The effects of vessel sizes of the probes on the water detection sensitivity are studied. The largest vessel probe provides the highest sensitivity of 0.267 dB/mL, while the smallest shows relatively low sensitivity of 0.067 dB/mL, and unstable response. The sensor probe with a high output value provides a high sensitivity with various detection levels while the number of total installable sensor probes decreases.

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Fiber bend losses produced by soft and swellable materials for hydrocarbon detection

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Fiber Optic Sensors Embedded in Textile-Reinforced Concrete for Smart Structural Health Monitoring: A Review

Fiber Optic Sensors Embedded in Textile-Reinforced Concrete for Smart Structural Health Monitoring: A Review

Sewerage tunnel leakage detection using a fibre optic moisture-detecting sensor system

Novel Fiber Optic Sensor Probe with a Pair of Highly Reflected Connectors and a Vessel of Water Absorption Material for Water Leak Detection

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