Fiber Bragg grating flow sensors powered by in-fiber light

Cashdollar, Lucas; Chen, K.P.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2005.855599

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been reported that the temperature of FBG can be heated up by launching high power laser light into the fiber and then absorbed by the metal film (e.g. silver) coated on the surface of the grating 2,3,4,5 . This type of device was demonstrated to measure the wind/gas flow as a hot-wire anemometry 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of device was demonstrated to measure the wind/gas flow as a hot-wire anemometry 6 . However, to heat the FBG, additional fibers or structures (such as multimode fiber 3 , LPG 4 , no-core fiber 5 ) are required so as to leak out the laser light from the core. Recently, we demonstrated another heating scheme by using Co 2+ -doped fibers 7,8 , on which FBG can be inscribed and heated by the guided laser light directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniature FBG-based fluidic flowmeter to measure hot oil and water

et al. 2017

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In this paper, we present a miniature fluidic flowmeter based on a packaged FBG and laser-heated fibers. The flow rates of water and hydraulic oil were measured by utilizing the proposed flowmeter. The measured results exhibited good sensitivity of 0.339 nm/(m/s) for water and 0.578 nm/(m/s) for oil flow. Experimental results showed that the sensitivity of the fluidic flow sensor is depending on the heat capacity of the fluids, where the fluid with higher heat capacity has higher sensitivity and lower detection limit at the same measurement condition. The real-time flow rates measured by the proposed sensor and a commercial flowmeter installed in the test rig were also compared, demonstrating good agreement with correlation coefficient of 0.9974.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature FBG-based fluidic flowmeter to measure hot oil and water

et al. 2017

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“…Many fiber flow sensors have been reported using different measurement schemes, including Doppler anemometer [3], bending flow sensor [4], and fiber HWAs [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For fiber based hot-wire flow sensors, a variety of delicate on-fiber heating designs have been proposed, including using single-mode-multimode tap [5,6], long period grating (LPG) [7], and high attenuation fibers [8]. Local gas flow rate is associated with the flow-induced temperature drop, which is measured by the Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in the heat release area of the fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed flow sensing using optical hot -wire grid

Chen¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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An optical hot-wire flow sensing grid is presented using a single piece of self-heated optical fiber to perform distributed flow measurement. The flow-induced temperature loss profiles along the fiber are interrogated by the in-fiber Rayleigh backscattering, and spatially resolved in millimeter resolution using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). The flow rate, position, and flow direction are retrieved simultaneously. Both electrical and optical on-fiber heating were demonstrated to suit different flow sensing applications.

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“…Using various optical coupling schemes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], in-fiber light has been used to heat up a section of fiber containing a sensing element (e.g., a fiber Bragg grating or FBG) to perform temperature measurements. The optical HWA can be more resilient than those using the electric heating for high-temperature applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fiber-optic flow sensors for high-temperature environment operation up to 800°C

et al. 2014

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This Letter presents an all-optical high-temperature flow sensor based on hot-wire anemometry. High-attenuation fibers (HAFs) were used as the heating elements. High-temperature-stable regenerated fiber Bragg gratings were inscribed in HAFs and in standard telecom fibers as temperature sensors. Using in-fiber light as both the heating power source and the interrogation light source, regenerative fiber Bragg grating sensors were used to gauge the heat transfer from an optically powered heating element induced by the gas flow. Reliable gas flow measurements were demonstrated between 0.066 m∕s and 0.66 m∕s from the room temperature to 800°C. This Letter presents a compact, low-cost, and multiflexible approach to measure gas flow for high-temperature harsh environments. Gas flow measurement plays important roles in various industrial sectors. It provides vital information for a large number of applications such as process controls, fossil fuel and nuclear electric power generation, transportation, and environment monitoring. To perform flow measurements, a large number of flow sensors based on various mechanical, electronic, and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structures [1] have been developed. These sensors can perform effective flow measurements at room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures (e.g., <200°C). However, a number of industrial and aerospace applications demand flow sensors with much higher operational temperatures (>500°C). These are not attainable by current state-of-the-art technology, such as MEMS. To address this technical challenge, this Letter presents a low-cost and compact all-optical-fiber flow sensing technique that can provide rapid and accurate gas flow measurements from room temperature to 800°C. This is, to our best knowledge, the highest operational temperature for a flow sensor. Fiber-optic sensors are well-known for their resilience in many harsh conditions including in high-temperature, corrosive, and strong electromagnetic environments. Over the last decade, various optical-fiber-based flow sensors have been reported, largely based on two schemes: fiber optical interferometry [2,3] and optical hot-wire anemometry (optical HWA). Among different designs of optical flow sensors, the HWA is one of the most widely adopted flow measurement techniques, thanks to its simplicity and reliability. HWA-based flow sensors determine flow rate by measuring heat transfer between a heated element and adjacent temperature sensors [4].Compared with electrically heated HWA flow sensors, fiber-optic sensors can also be heated optically to perform flow measurements. Using various optical coupling schemes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], in-fiber light has been used to heat up a section of fiber containing a sensing element (e.g., a fiber Bragg grating or FBG) to perform temperature measurements. The optical HWA can be more resilient than those using the electric heating for high-temperature applications. This is because the optical fiber, as a power delivery cable, can sustain much higher temperature...

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Fiber Bragg grating flow sensors powered by in-fiber light

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Miniature FBG-based fluidic flowmeter to measure hot oil and water

Miniature FBG-based fluidic flowmeter to measure hot oil and water

Distributed flow sensing using optical hot -wire grid

Fiber-optic flow sensors for high-temperature environment operation up to 800°C

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