Fiber composition of the superior rectus extraocular muscle of the rhesus macaque

Pachter, Bruce R.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051740211

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The MIFs of the OSL have been observed in prior investigations of rat (Pachter 1983), monkey (Pachter 1982), and rabbit (Davidowitz et al 1977) EOMs to exhibit morphological variability as well as containing both superficial and more complex endptate-like endings along their length. Such variability was not random but occurred in a systematic manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The global MIFs have been shown in the EOMs of monkeys (Pachter 1982), rats (Pachter 1983), and mice (Pachter et al 1976), to have a constant morphology along their total length. They were described as having a poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, small, sparse mitochondria, large indistinct myofibrils, and superficial endings containing little or no postjunctional folding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MIFs of the OSL in rat (Pachter 1983), monkey (Pachter 1982), and rabbit (Davidowitz et al 1977) EOM have been shown by serial analysis to display morphological variation along their length; their middle third being twitchlike and their proximal and distal thirds being tonic-like. Both superficial endings as well as endplate-like endings are found on these fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat extraocular muscle

Pachter

1984

Histochemistry

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Multiply-innervated fibers from rat superior oblique extraocular muscle were followed in sequential serial sections using histochemistry. Sudan black and adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) histochemical staining reactions were used to identify these fibers in the muscle's global layer and orbital surface layer. Regional differences in ATPase staining occurred along the length of multiply-innervated fibers from the orbital surface layer. In their middle third where these fibers appear 'morphologically-fast' and contain endplatelike endings, they were found to exhibit a dual ATPase activity. In their distal third where they appear 'morphologically-slow' and contain simple, superficial endings, they had an alkaline-labile and acid-stabile ATPase activity profile. In contrast, the multiply-innervated fibers of the global layer exhibited a homogeneous ATPase activity, i.e., alkaline-labile and acid-stabile pattern. This histochemical homogeneity parallels their uniform morphologically-slow profile. These fibers contain only multiple superficial endings. It would appear that the histochemical and ultrastructural profile of a fiber is dependent upon the type and location of the motor innervation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat extraocular muscle

Pachter

1984

Histochemistry

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“…But Kaczmarski (1970) and Alvarado-Mallart (1972) in birds, as did Kaczmarski (1969) in a lizard, found three types of fibres . Finally, Pachter (1982) described six types of fibres in the extraocular muscles of a mammal .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eye muscles and their innervation inChaetodon trifasciatus (Pisces, Teleostei, Chaetodontidae)

Bauchot

Thomot

Bauchot³

1989

Environ Biol Fish

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SynopsisIn Chaetodon trifasciatus, the large eye has the form of a thick disk rather than that of a globe . A deep cutaneous groove surrounds the eyeball, probably allowing rapid eye movements . The form and innervation of the three pairs of extraocular muscles are described . Each muscle is made of two types of fascicles of fibres, thick and thin . There is neither an anterior nor posterior myodome . The skull attachment of the obliques and of the inferior rectus is made on the thin sagittal ethmoidal membranous septum while that of the other recti occurs on osseous pieces of the skull . The attachment on the eyeball is made on the cartilaginous sclera . The ratio of the lengths of the antagonist muscles, superior vs . inferior oblique, superior vs . inferior rectus and medial vs . lateral rectus, is about 1 .43 : 1 . The three oculomotor nerves (III : common oculomotor, IV : trochlear and VI : abducens) as well as the ciliary system are described . For the following reasons, an analogy between the lateral rectus of Chaetodon trifasciatus and the lateral rectus + retractor bulbi of other vertebrates is indicated : (1) the nucleus of nerve III (which innervates four muscles) has four sectors, while that of IV (which innervates only the superior oblique) is made of one sector ; (2) nerve VI consists of two roots corresponding to two groups of nerve cells of its motor nucleus and (3) in other vertebrates, nerve VI innervates both the lateral rectus and the retractor bulbi .

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“…In addition, two types of nerve endings were identified, morphologically and histochemically, along the length of these fibers in rat and monkey (Jacoby et al 1989;Pachter 1982Pachter 1984. Therefore it would seem likely that the multiply innervated fibers receive polyneuronal (or at least dual) innervation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyneuronal Innervation of Single Muscle Fibers in Cat Eye Muscle: Inferior Oblique

Dimitrova¹,

Allman²,

Shall³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Dimitrova DM, Allman BL, Shall MS, Goldberg SJ. Polyneuronal innervation of single muscle fibers in cat eye muscle: inferior oblique. J Neurophysiol 101: 2815-2821, 2009. First published March 18, 2009 doi:10.1152/jn.90828.2008. Single muscle fibers with multiple axonal endplates (multiply innervated fibers) are normally present in adult extraocular muscles (EOMs), while most other mammalian skeletal muscles contain fibers with a single myoneural junction. Recent findings by others led us to investigate for the presence of polyneuronal innervation (innervation of a single muscle fiber by Ͼ1 motoneuron) in the inferior oblique (IO) muscle of pentobarbital anesthetized cats. The IO muscle nerve branches, as they coursed through the orbit, were further divided for independent or simultaneous electrical stimulation with bipolar electrodes. Four of five established tests for polyneuronal innervation gave positive results. The sum of the twitch (1) and tetanic (2) tensions in response to individual nerve branch stimulation was greater than that for simultaneous (whole) nerve stimulation. The summed electromyographic (EMG) responses (3) gave a similar positive result. The result for crossed tetanic potentiation (4) was negative for polyneuronal innervation while the crossed fatigue (5) test was positive. These results are consistent with recent studies. That the EOMs exhibit polyneuronal innervation further explains the eye-movement system's functional integrity during some neuromuscular disorders as well as its ability to operate with precision after the loss of numerous motoneurons.

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Fiber composition of the superior rectus extraocular muscle of the rhesus macaque

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

Rat extraocular muscle

Rat extraocular muscle

The eye muscles and their innervation inChaetodon trifasciatus (Pisces, Teleostei, Chaetodontidae)

Polyneuronal Innervation of Single Muscle Fibers in Cat Eye Muscle: Inferior Oblique

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