Fiber Nonlinearities and Their Impact on Transmission Systems

Forghieri, F.; Tkach, R.W.; Chraplyvy, A. R.

doi:10.1016/b978-012395169-4/50008-5

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The nonlinearity of optical fibers has been long recognized as one of the most important factors limiting the growth of data-rates transmitted in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems [1]. The nonlinear distortions are usually classified as either intra-channel [2], or inter-channel [3]. While intra-channel distortions are generated by each of the WDM channels individually, inter-channel distortions are caused by interference between different WDM channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse Collision Picture of Inter-Channel Nonlinear Interference in Fiber-Optic Communications

Dar

Feder

Mecozzi

et al. 2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We model the build-up of inter-channel nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) in wavelength division multiplexed systems by considering the pulse collision dynamics in the time domain. The fundamental interactions can be classified as twopulse, three-pulse, or four-pulse collisions and they can be either complete, or incomplete. Each type of collision is shown to have its unique signature and the overall nature of NLIN is determined by the relative importance of the various classes of pulse collisions in a given WDM system. The pulse-collision picture provides qualitative and quantitative insight into the character of NLIN, offering a simple and intuitive explanation to all of the reported and previously unexplained phenomena. In particular, we show that the most important contributions to NLIN follow from twopulse and four-pulse collisions. While the contribution of twopulse collisions is in the form of phase-noise and polarizationstate-rotation with strong dependence on modulation format, four-pulse collisions generate complex circular noise whose variance is independent of modulation format. In addition, two-pulse collisions are strongest when the collision is complete, whereas four-pulse collisions are strongest when the collision is incomplete. We show that two-pulse collisions dominate the formation of NLIN in short links with lumped amplification, or in links with distributed amplification extending over arbitrary length. In long links using lumped amplification the relative significance of fourpulse collisions increases, emphasizing the circularity of the NLIN while reducing its dependence on modulation format. Index Terms-fiber nonlinearity, NLIN, inter channel interference, XPM, pulse collision, dependence on modulation format, phase noise.1 Other time-domain models for inter-channel effects were considered in [11]- [13]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse Collision Picture of Inter-Channel Nonlinear Interference in Fiber-Optic Communications

Dar

Feder

Mecozzi

et al. 2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Indeed, it is known that the Raman-induced energy exchange in a single interchannel collision is independent of the frequency difference between the channels. Consequently, the magnitude of the induced energy shifts for a given pulse grows with the square of the number of channels [18,26]. Thus, in a 100-channel system, for example, these effects can be larger by a factor of 2.5 × 10 3 compared with a two-channel system operating at the same bit rate per channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One mechanism, which has been widely studied in relation with Raman cross talk [26,28,29,30,31,32], is due to pulse decay induced by loss of energy in collisions. This mechanism is associated with the small-η tail of the amplitude PDF.…”

Section: B Statistics Of Soliton Parameters and Ber Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where (26) and (27) are the contributions from the self and cross frequency shifts, respectively. The position shift with a fixed amplitude η 0 (z) = η 0 (0) = 1 isỹ 0 (z) = y 0 (z).…”

Section: B Statistics Of Soliton Parameters and Ber Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined effects of Raman cross talk and randomness of pulse sequences were also considered, and it was found that the probability distribution function (PDF) of pulse amplitudes is lognormal [26,30,31,32]. However, these previous studies ignored several important properties of the system, which are essential for obtaining a correct dynamical model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Monte Carlo simulations of pulse propagation in massive multichannel optical fiber communication systems

Chung

Peleg

2008

Phys. Rev. A

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We study the combined effect of delayed Raman response and bit pattern randomness on pulse propagation in massive multichannel optical fiber communication systems. The propagation is described by a perturbed stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which takes into account changes in pulse amplitude and frequency as well as emission of continuous radiation. We perform extensive numerical simulations with the model, and analyze the dynamics of the frequency moments, the bit-error-rate, and the mutual distribution of amplitude and position. The results of our numerical simulations are in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on the adiabatic perturbation approach.

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Four‐Wave Mixing

Ferreira¹

2011

Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers

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Fiber Nonlinearities and Their Impact on Transmission Systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 150 publications

Pulse Collision Picture of Inter-Channel Nonlinear Interference in Fiber-Optic Communications

Pulse Collision Picture of Inter-Channel Nonlinear Interference in Fiber-Optic Communications

Monte Carlo simulations of pulse propagation in massive multichannel optical fiber communication systems

Four‐Wave Mixing

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