Fiber-optic magnetometry with randomly oriented spins

Федотов, И. В.; Amitonova, Lyubov V.; Sidorov‐Biryukov, D. A.; Safronov, N. A.; Левченко, А. В.; Zibrov, S. A.; Blakley, Sean M.; Pérez, Héctor; Акимов, А. В.; Федотов, А. Б.; Hemmer, Philip; Sakoda, Kazuaki; Velichansky, V. L.; Scully, Marlan O.; Желтиков, А. М.

doi:10.1364/ol.39.006755

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The effect of a non-aligned magnetic field is to induce spin flips in the NV centers, thereby reducing fluorescence with increasing magnetic field strength, which is in agreement with previous observation 30 . This effect offers all-optical detection of external magnetic fields in the absence of RF fields with our ND-doped fiber approach.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In particular, our ND/tellurite glass has been used to realize an inherently magnetic field sensitive optical fiber with sensitivity of order . Such sensitivity is comparable to that achieved in fiber taper platforms with NDs coated on the taper surface 29 , 30 . Using a theoretical model that qualitatively reproduces the experimental ODMR results, we have shown that the fiber background fluorescence has a significant impact on intensity and contrast of the ODMR peaks and hence on magnetic sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Magnetically sensitive nanodiamond-doped tellurite glass fibers

Ruan

Simpson

Jeske

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Traditional optical fibers are insensitive to magnetic fields, however many applications would benefit from fiber-based magnetometry devices. In this work, we demonstrate a magnetically sensitive optical fiber by doping nanodiamonds containing nitrogen vacancy centers into tellurite glass fibers. The fabrication process provides a robust and isolated sensing platform as the magnetic sensors are fixed in the tellurite glass matrix. Using optically detected magnetic resonance from the doped nanodiamonds, we demonstrate detection of local magnetic fields via side excitation and longitudinal collection. This is a first step towards intrinsically magneto-sensitive fiber devices with future applications in medical magneto-endoscopy and remote mineral exploration sensing.The sensing of magnetic fields is important for applications as diverse as mining exploration 1 and aircraft navigation 2 . Within medical fields, applications such as magneto-encephalography 3 and magneto-cardiology 4 are important methodologies for sensing spatially-resolved activity in the brain and heart, respectively. Although existing magnetometers such as superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and optical atomic magnetometers are ultrasensitive to magnetic fields 5 , they are constrained in terms of their size, cost and temperature of operation. Optical fibers provide an ambient, robust, cheap and alternate approach for remote magnetic sensing. Optical fiber Bragg gratings have shown sensitivity to magnetic fields with thick coatings of magnetostrictive materials such as Terfenol-D applied in a polymeric matrix 6,7 . Multimode interference effects in spliced square no-core optical fiber surrounded by magnetic fluid also exhibit magnetic sensitivity 8,9 . However, for both of these solutions, the magnetic sensitive materials are external to the optical fibers. Solid state magnetometers based on the negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond provide an additional avenue for sensitive magnetic field detection under ambient conditions 5,10 . The size of such systems can be of order nanometers opening up new opportunities for robust, miniature and remote magnetic sensors. Recent work has demonstrated magnetic sensitivities to oscillating fields of ~1 pT/ Hz from sensing volumes of order 100 µm 2 in bulk single crystal diamond 11 and ~290 nT/ Hz for nanodiamond (ND) crystals 12 .The magnetic field sensitivity for NV-based systems is dependent on the fluorescence collection efficiency. Conventional detection approaches utilize high numerical aperture objectives to collect isotropic emission from diamond defect centers. This approach yields a typical collection efficiency of emitted photons around 2% 13 but is limited by the size of the objective and mechanical instabilities. One attractive solution to this problem is to couple the NV fluorescence emission into guided modes of a waveguide, thereby reducing the overall size of the collection optics and enabling integration with mature photonic technologies. Several approach...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Magnetically sensitive nanodiamond-doped tellurite glass fibers

Ruan

Simpson

Jeske

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…We have developed an efficient single photon source with a coupling efficiency of more than 7% by locating CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the nanofiber [13]. In addition to this demonstration, there have been many coupling experiments between nanofibers and single light emitters such as quantum dots [14,15], molecules [16], nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond [17][18][19][20], and hexagonal boron nitride [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a nanofiber Bragg cavity with high quality factor using a focused helium ion beam

et al. 2019

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Nanofiber Bragg cavities (NFBCs) are solid-state microcavities fabricated in an optical tapered fiber. NFBCs are promising candidates as a platform for photonic quantum information devices due to their small mode volume, ultra-high coupling efficiencies, and ultra-wide tunability. However, the quality (Q) factor has been limited to be approximately 250, which may be due to limitations in the fabrication process. Here we report high Q NFBCs fabricated using a focused helium ion beam. When an NFBC with grooves of 640 periods is fabricated, the Q factor is over 4170, which is more than 16 times larger than that previously fabricated using a focused gallium ion beam.

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“…The trade-off between the spatial resolution and sensitivity is crucial for the performance of fiber-optic NV-diamond magnetometers. While a submicron resolution can be achieved with NV-diamond nanoparticles coupled to the tip of a tapered fiber [14,15], real-life applications, including optical magnetometry and thermometry of biological cells, often dictate a more durable design of a fiber-NV-diamond interface. As shown in the earlier work [11], a fiber-optic probe integrating an NVdiamond microcrystal and a standard multimode optical fiber can enable magnetic field imaging with a ∼150 μm spatial resolution and sensitivity of the order of 10 pT • Hz −1∕2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution magnetic field imaging with a nitrogen-vacancy diamond sensor integrated with a photonic-crystal fiber

et al. 2016

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We demonstrate high-resolution magnetic field imaging with a scanning fiber-optic probe which couples nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to a high-numerical-aperture photonic-crystal fiber integrated with a two-wire microwave transmission line. Magnetic resonance excitation of NV centers driven by the microwave field is read out through optical interrogation through the photonic-crystal fiber to enable high-speed, high-sensitivity magnetic field imaging with sub 30 μm spatial resolution.

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Fiber-optic magnetometry with randomly oriented spins

Abstract: We demonstrate fiber-optic magnetometry using a random ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamond coupled to a tapered optical fiber, which provides a waveguide delivery of optical fields for the initialization, polarization, and readout of the electron spin in NV centers.

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Magnetically sensitive nanodiamond-doped tellurite glass fibers

Magnetically sensitive nanodiamond-doped tellurite glass fibers

Fabrication of a nanofiber Bragg cavity with high quality factor using a focused helium ion beam

High-resolution magnetic field imaging with a nitrogen-vacancy diamond sensor integrated with a photonic-crystal fiber

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