Fiber Optic Monitoring of Subsea Equipment

Brower, D.; Hedengren, John D.; Loegering, Cory; Brower, Alexis; Witherow, Karl; Winter, Karl

doi:10.1115/omae2012-84143

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Specific examples are included in the appendices with commands to reproduce the examples in this paper. Some other examples include applications of computational biology (Abbott et al, 2012), unmanned aerial systems (Sun et al, 2014), chemical process control (Soderstrom et al, 2010), solid oxide fuel cells (Jacobsen et al, 2013;Spivey et al, 2012), industrial process fouling (Spivey et al, 2010), boiler load following (Jensen and Hedengren, 2012), energy storage (Powell et al, 2957;Edgar, 2011, 2012), subsea monitoring systems (Hedengren and Brower, 2012;Brower et al, 2012Brower et al, , 2013, and friction stir welding of spent nuclear fuel (Nielsen, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear modeling, estimation and predictive control in APMonitor

Hedengren

Shishavan

Powell

et al. 2014

Computers & Chemical Engineering

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184

117

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This paper describes nonlinear methods in model building, dynamic data reconciliation, and dynamic optimization that are inspired by researchers and motivated by industrial applications. A new formulation of the 1-norm objective with a dead-band for estimation and control is presented. The dead-band in the objective is desirable for noise rejection, minimizing unnecessary parameter adjustments and movement of manipulated variables. As a motivating example, a small and well-known nonlinear multivariable level control problem is detailed that has a number of common characteristics to larger controllers seen in practice. The methods are also demonstrated on larger problems to reveal algorithmic scaling with sparse methods. The implementation details reveal capabilities of employing nonlinear methods in dynamic applications with example code in both Matlab and Python programming languages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear modeling, estimation and predictive control in APMonitor

Hedengren

Shishavan

Powell

et al. 2014

Computers & Chemical Engineering

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184

117

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“…With the FBGs mounted on metallic strips embedded into the interior surface of the clamp and in contact with the pipe, rigid strain transfer can be made possible. 214,215 Through mechanical changes in the pipeline, certain conditions that may affect flow assurance may be inferred non-intrusively. In subsea pipelines, deposit build up (e.g.…”

Section: Fosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspection and monitoring systems subsea pipelines: A review paper

El-Borgi

Patil

et al. 2019

Structural Health Monitoring

160

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One of the largest movers of the world economy is the oil and gas industry. The industry generates billions of barrels of oil to match more than half the world’s energy demands. Production of energy products at such a massive scale is supported by the equally massive oil and gas infrastructure sprawling around the globe. Especially characteristic of the industry are vast networks of pipelines that traverse tens of thousands of miles of land and sea to carry oil and gas from the deepest parts of the earth to faraway destinations. With such lengths come increased chances for damage, which can have disastrous consequences owing to the hazardous substances typically carried by pipelines. Subsea pipelines in particular face increased risk due to the typically harsher environments, the difficulty of accessing deepwater pipelines, and the possibility of sea currents spreading leaked oil across a wide area. The opportunity for research and engineering to overcome the challenge of subsea inspection and monitoring is tremendous and the progress in this area is continuously generating exciting new developments that may have far reaching benefits far outside of subsea pipeline inspection and monitoring. Thus, this review covers the most often used subsea inspection and monitoring technologies as well as their most recent developments and future trends.

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“…This sensing system monitored the pressure, temperature, and strain in a pipe-in-pipe 22.5 km (14 mi) subsea tieback without pipewall penetration. Since the initial deployment, other deployments have monitored steel catenary risers, drilling risers, tension leg platforms (TLPs), umbilical installations, touchdown zones, slugging mitigation, and subsea tiebacks ( [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]). Originally implemented in high temperature rocket motor applications, recent studies also extend this sensing technology to distributed monitoring of cryogenic liquified natural gas transfer pipelines [9].…”

Section: Flowline Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For long tiebacks, signal degradation is anticipated and included in the design to ensure that signal strength is above a 1 decibel (dB) threshold for detection [7]. The source signal is in the range of 40-60 dB that is attenuated over splicing connections, through the fiber, and reflected for a round-trip journey.…”

Section: Flowline Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Flow Assurance System With High Speed Subsea Fiber Optic Monitoring of Pressure and Temperature

Hedengren

Brower²,

Wilson³

et al. 2018

Volume 5: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems

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Subsea production control systems are instrumented to constantly monitor flowline pressure and temperature at key locations to prevent plugging and introduce mitigating control strategies. New fiber optic sensors with ruggedized construction and non-electrical components are subjected to accelerated aging tests and deployed in several installations with long service life. An overview of current progress with fiber optic technology is provided for fatigue monitoring, temperature, pressure, and strain sensing. Recent developments include improved service life, novel bonding methods, pipeline sensor station improvements, sensor calibration, and long-term fatigue analysis. The latest advancements are validated on multiple installations on a subsea tieback in the deepwater Mississippi Canyon of the Gulf of Mexico at 6,500 ft depth. A prior third-party sensor design experienced multiple non-recoverable sensor failures. A new sensor station design is employed on two Flowline Terminations to monitor pressure and temperature at a rate of 100 Hz. Subsea tiebacks are susceptible to flow assurance issues caused by plugging events such as hydrate formation. The system was originally designed to track pig location but transitioned to pressure and temperature sensing. An issue with the transition was the lack of calibration relating the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain levels to the actual process conditions. A novel method is presented for in situ adjustment of the sensor array calibration. During the calibration procedure, the sensors produced unanticipated results during pipeline flow shut-in and later startup operations. The sensors helped uncover a configuration of the flowline and sensor locations that is valuable for detecting hydrate forming conditions at a key junction location. The sensors are located before and after the junction of two flowlines in the mixing zone of the pipeline streams. The novel contributions of this study are the high speed data collection, in situ fiber optic calibration, review of advancements in fiber optic sensing technology, and a field case study with multiple sensing arrays. The developments are part of the Clear Gulf study, a collaboration between the offshore energy industry and NASA that was formed in 2010. The objective of the Clear Gulf study is to employ space technology and testing facilities for use in the up-stream industry to advance subsea sensor technology. The highly sensitive monitoring systems developed as part of this study are used to give early warnings for flow assurance issues, structural failures, or catastrophic events.

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Fiber Optic Monitoring of Subsea Equipment

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Nonlinear modeling, estimation and predictive control in APMonitor

Nonlinear modeling, estimation and predictive control in APMonitor

Inspection and monitoring systems subsea pipelines: A review paper

New Flow Assurance System With High Speed Subsea Fiber Optic Monitoring of Pressure and Temperature

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