Fiber Optic Sensor for Real-time Monitoring of Freezing–Thawing Cycle in Cryosurgery

Spasopoulos, Dimosthenis; Rattas, George; Kaisas, Archontis; Dalagiannis, Thomas; Bassukas, Ioannis D.; Kourkoumelis, Nikolaos; Ikiades, A.

doi:10.3390/app10031053

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…To solve the stated problem of monitoring the cryosurgical process, it is attractive to use optical sensors and methods, such as analysis of the opto-acoustic signal [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], terahertz monitoring [ 31 ], and diffuse reflectance analysis [ 32 , 33 ]. The latter can be implemented with optical fibers and, thus, be considered as a part of a cryosurgical instrument.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensing of Tissue Freezing Depth by Sapphire Cryo-Applicator and Steady-State Diffuse Reflectance Analysis

Zotov,

Pushkarev,

Alekseeva

et al. 2024

Sensors

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This work describes a sapphire cryo-applicator with the ability to sense tissue freezing depth during cryosurgery by illumination of tissue and analyzing diffuse optical signals in a steady-state regime. The applicator was manufactured by the crystal growth technique and has several spatially resolved internal channels for accommodating optical fibers. The method of reconstructing freezing depth proposed in this work requires one illumination and two detection channels. The analysis of the detected intensities yields the estimation of the time evolution of the effective attenuation coefficient, which is compared with the theoretically calculated values obtained for a number of combinations of tissue parameters. The experimental test of the proposed applicator and approach for freezing depth reconstruction was performed using gelatin-based tissue phantom and rat liver tissue in vivo. It revealed the ability to estimate depth up to 8 mm. The in vivo study confirmed the feasibility of the applicator to sense the freezing depth of living tissues despite the possible diversity of their optical parameters. The results justify the potential of the described design of a sapphire instrument for cryosurgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensing of Tissue Freezing Depth by Sapphire Cryo-Applicator and Steady-State Diffuse Reflectance Analysis

Zotov,

Pushkarev,

Alekseeva

et al. 2024

Sensors

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A Fiber Optic Sensor for Monitoring the Spectral Alterations and Depth in Ex Vivo and In Vivo Cryosurgery

Ikiades

Bassukas

Kourkoumelis

2023

Sensors

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This article discusses how to monitor the freezing depth during cryotherapy using a fiber optic array sensor. The sensor was used to measure the backscattered and transmitted light from frozen and unfrozen ex vivo porcine tissue and in vivo human skin tissue (finger). The technique exploited the variations in optical diffusion properties of the frozen and unfrozen tissues to determine the extent of freezing. Ex vivo and in vivo measurements yielded comparable results, despite spectral variations attributable to the hemoglobin absorption peak in the human frozen and unfrozen tissues. However, because the spectral fingerprints of the freeze-thaw process in the ex vivo and in vivo experiments were similar, we could extrapolate the maximum depth of freezing. Therefore, this sensor has the potential to be utilized for monitoring cryosurgery in real time.

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Fiber Optic Sensor for Real-time Monitoring of Freezing–Thawing Cycle in Cryosurgery

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Optical Sensing of Tissue Freezing Depth by Sapphire Cryo-Applicator and Steady-State Diffuse Reflectance Analysis

Optical Sensing of Tissue Freezing Depth by Sapphire Cryo-Applicator and Steady-State Diffuse Reflectance Analysis

A Fiber Optic Sensor for Monitoring the Spectral Alterations and Depth in Ex Vivo and In Vivo Cryosurgery

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