Fiber Optic Sensor with a Gold Nanowire Group Array for Broad Range and Low Refractive Index Detection

Abstract

To achieve high performance and wide range detection, we propose an ultra-wide range high sensitivity plasmonic fiber optic sensor with a gold (Au) nanowire group array, which has both propagating surface plasmon resonance (PSPR) and local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing characteristics. The PSPR, LSPR, and PSPR+LSPR are presented as Au thin layers, Au spheres (or Au nanowires), and Au nanowire group arrays, respectively, and their respective properties are analyzed from theoretical, simulated, and numerical aspects. When detection is performed, the presence of both evanescent wave and electric field forces in the Au nanowire group array combines to significantly improve the sensor’s detection capability. Detection simulation analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The range of refractive indices that can be detected is 1.08 to 1.37 in the optical band from 1210 nm to 2140 nm. In the detection range, the maximum sensitivity of the detected wavelength is 13,000 nm/RIU. Our proposed sensor has a broad range, high sensitivity, and low refractive index detection, and has good research value and application prospects.

Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with High Sensitivity and Narrow FWHM

“…The Fig. 4 are core mode, SPP mode and resonant mode [32,33]. The image also shows that the light in the two cores is transmitted separately, preventing the energy in the two cores from interfering with one another.…”

Sodium-based no-core fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity and narrow FWHM

“…At a specific wavelength, strong coupling occurs between these two modes, leading to resonance around this wavelength. This mode is characterized by the transfer of most energy from the fiber core to the surface of the sodium film, and this mode is called the resonant mode [25]. Figure 3 distinctly showcases the core mode, SPP mode, and resonance mode.…”

A unique wheel-shaped exposed core LSPR-PCF sensor for dual-peak sensing: Applications in the optical communication bands, M-IR region and biosensing

“…The Amplitude Sensitivity (AS) is a term utilized to quantify the sensitivity by considering the attenuation at a specific light wavelength. The measurement is determined through the utilization of the subsequent equation [ 31 ]: …”

“…A rather unique PCF sensor was devised by Jingwei Lv et al for detecting changes in magnetic fields and temperature of the surrounding area by employing a dual-channel PCF structure where the flat ends are encased in gold films and two silver nanowires are employed along a fan-shaped opening upholding a sensitivity of 31,000 nm/RIU along with a resolution of 3.22 × 10 −6 RIU in a range of 1.47–1.52 RI [ 30 ]. Xiao et al devised a sensor comprising of an array of Au nanowires deposited over a layer of TiO 2 which can detect analytes for a wide range of 1.08–1.37 extending from 1210 nm to 2140 nm in terms of wavelength [ 31 ].…”