Fiber Optic Sensors for Detection of Sodium Plating in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Hedman, Jonas; Mogensen, Ronnie; Younesi, Reza; Björefors, Fredrik

doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c00595

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, Ma et al devised a statistics-based methodology for detecting the abnormal voltage pattern to identify weakened or loose contact connections in the electrical circuit by comparison with an equivalent circuit model. Optical fiber-based sensors integrated into batteries could provide early warning information on plating, thus averting short circuits induced by plating …”

Section: Thermal Runaway (Tr) In Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical fiber-based sensors integrated into batteries could provide early warning information on plating, thus averting short circuits induced by plating. 168 Another approach is to employ sensors to detect gas release, which can be used as a marker to detect TR. 12 Figure 13 gives an insight into the gases that evolved at various stages during TR.…”

Section: Tr Detection and Mitigation 421 Tr Detection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal Behavior of Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Review on Heat Generation, Battery Degradation, Thermal Runway – Perspective and Future Directions

Velumani

Bansal

2022

Energy Fuels

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Safety is a major challenge plaguing the use of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicle (EV) applications. A wide range of operating conditions with varying temperatures and drive cycles can lead to battery abuse. A dangerous consequence of these abuses is thermal runaway (TR), an exponential increase in temperature inside the battery caused by the exothermic decomposition of the cell materials that leads to fire and explosion. It is imperative to develop methodologies to accurately predict and mitigate thermal runway. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are inherently safer than LIBs. In addition to offering better safety, SIBs are gaining momentum due to the abundance and low cost of their raw materials compared to the limited lithium resources and high cost of elements such as cobalt, copper, and nickel used in LIBs. However, the challenge of low energy density impedes the maturation of sodium-ion technology to the same level as lithium-ion technology. There are additional challenges to the acceptability of sodium-ion batteries due to the poor sodium kinetics during insertion reactions, leading to rapid material degradation. Additionally, the higher solubility of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) observed in the case of SIBs may lead to undesired side reactions, causing increased heat generation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the heat-release mechanisms, their differences, and prediction methodologies for the two battery chemistries. Various experimental and modeling approaches for TR detection from the literature are reviewed. Future research directions toward the development of a battery management system (BMS) with the capability to identify the precursors to thermal runaway and implement mitigation strategies are also discussed.

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Section: Thermal Runaway (Tr) In Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tr Detection and Mitigation 421 Tr Detection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behavior of Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Review on Heat Generation, Battery Degradation, Thermal Runway – Perspective and Future Directions

Velumani

Bansal

2022

Energy Fuels

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“…When lithium is deposited close to the fiber, the conditions at the interface will change significantly as a new cladding will be established, and more light will be lost from the optical fiber. The latter is based on the fact that metals generally show a high reflectance [ 22,27 ] in the visible spectral region. The correlation between the fiber optical sensor and the lithium plating is hence dependent on how strongly lithium modulates the light at the fiber interface, in addition to the number of reflections per unit length, and the penetration depth of the evanescent waves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is most likely related to the larger penetration depth for the longer wavelengths. [ 22 ] Further investigations are motivated to enhance the understanding of exactly how the lithium modulates the light, and also how the size of the lithium nuclei and their distribution on the graphite surfaces influence the fiber optical signal. It should also be remembered that the deposited lithium also contains reaction products from the reduction of the electrolyte (i.e., a solid electrolyte interphase [SEI]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Optical Detection of Lithium Plating at Graphite Anodes

Hedman

Mogensen

Younesi

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Avoiding the plating of metallic lithium on the graphite anode in lithium‐ion batteries, potentially leading to aging and the formation of dendrites is critical for long term and safe operation of the cells. In this contribution, in operando detection of lithium plating via a fiber optical sensor placed at the surface of a graphite electrode is demonstrated. The detection is based on the modulation of light at the sensing region, which is in direct contact with the graphite particles. This is first demonstrated by the intentional deposition of lithium on a copper electrode, followed by experiments with graphite electrodes in pouch cells where plating is initiated both as a result of over‐lithiation and excessive cycling rates. The plating resulted in a significant loss of light from the fiber, and the findings correlated well with previous experiments on the detection of sodium plating. The modulated light is also found to correlate well with the graphite staging via changes in the optical properties of the graphite during slow (de)intercalation of lithium ions. In a practical application, the fiber optical sensor may provide a battery management system (BMS) with input to optimize the charging procedure or to warn for cell failure.

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“…Yet, this also means that an overpotential for the sodiation can easily result in plating of sodium, especially if the anode processes are particularly resistive. 5,6 Also, the resistance on the hard carbon anode is in general ten times larger than the resistance on common cathodes like Prussian white cathodes, regardless of the electrolyte solution used. 5 Therefore, there is a motivation to investigate alternatives to hard carbon for use as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%