Fibers, 13. Ceramic Fibers

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties and Raw Materials 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Resources, Raw Materials 3. Production 3.1. Boron Monofilament 3.2. Silicon Carbide Fibers 3.3. High Alumina Fibers 3.4. Zirconia Fibers 4. Uses 5. Economic Aspects 6. Toxicology and Occupational Health

Fiber Selection for Reinforced Additive Manufacturing

“…Ceramics are inorganic, nonmetallic, nonplastic, nonglass compounds. Ceramic fibers are distinguished from other inorganic fibers in that they are not produced by solidifying melts [ 70 ]. Oxides, nitrides, carbides, and borides are examples of ceramic materials.…”

“…Ceramic fibers withstand high temperature conditions. In contrast to carbon and boron fibers, ceramic fibers do not oxidize at moderate or high temperatures [ 70 ].…”

“…Most nonoxide ceramic fibers are silicon carbide, while some include titanium, zirconium, or other elements to obtain various properties [ 70 ]. Three major producers of silicon carbide fibers include Nippon, UBE, and Specialty Materials.…”

“…Specialty Materials uses a CVD process similar to CVD-based carbon fibers. A mixture of alkane and chlorosilane condenses onto a tungsten or carbon core, resulting in a column grain structure with growth perpendicular to the tungsten or carbon core [ 70 ]. The Nippon company produces Nicalon fibers through a continuous yarn process, invented by S. Yajima in the 1970s, involving the conversion of dimethyldichlorosilane into polycarbosilane, heating in argon at 470 °C for 8 to 14 h, then melt-spinning [ 70 ].…”

“…A mixture of alkane and chlorosilane condenses onto a tungsten or carbon core, resulting in a column grain structure with growth perpendicular to the tungsten or carbon core [ 70 ]. The Nippon company produces Nicalon fibers through a continuous yarn process, invented by S. Yajima in the 1970s, involving the conversion of dimethyldichlorosilane into polycarbosilane, heating in argon at 470 °C for 8 to 14 h, then melt-spinning [ 70 ]. The UBE “Tyranno” brand of carbide fiber are produced in a similar manner, but also contain zirconium, aluminum, and titanium, which give the fiber additional strength [ 70 ].…”