Fibers, 2. Structure

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Fibers as Industrial Chemical Structures 1.2. Structural Types 1.3. Development of Knowledge of Fiber Structure 2. General Features of Major Textile Fibers 2.1. Chemical Forms 2.2. Polymer Characterization 2.3. Other Chemical Constituents 2.4. Fine Structure 2.4.1. Characterization 2.4.2. Models 2.4.3. Unified Parametric Approach 2.4.4. Relation to Fiber Properties 2.4.5. Relation to Fiber Formation 2.4.6. Structural Transitions 2.5. Intermediate Structures 2.6. Gross Inhomogeneities 2.7. Fiber Shape 2.7.1. Cross‐Sectional Shape 2.7.2. Axial Shape 3. Particular Textile Fibers 3.1. Cellulosic Fibers 3.1.1. Chemistry 3.1.2. Cotton 3.1.3. Other Plant Fibers 3.1.4. Rayon 3.1.5. Acetate Fibers 3.2. Protein Fibers 3.2.1. Wool and Hair 3.2.2. Silk 3.2.3. Regenerated Protein Fibers 3.3. Major Melt‐Spun Fibers 3.3.1. Chemistry 3.3.2. Fine Structure 3.3.3. PLA Fibers 3.4. Acrylic Fibers 3.5. Other Polymers 4. High‐Modulus, High‐Tenacity Fibers 4.1. Glass 4.2. Highly Oriented Linear Polymers 4.2.1. Aramid 4.2.2. Polyethylene 4.2.3. Other Polymers 4.3. Carbon Fibers 4.4. Ceramic and Other Inorganic Fibers 4.5. Structure and Properties 5. Other Fibers 5.1. High‐Toughness Fibers 5.2. Elastomeric Fibers 5.3. Thermally and Chemically Resistant Fibers 5.4. Special‐Purpose Fibers 5.5. Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes 5.6. Smart Fibers

Dry jet-wet spinning of strong cellulose filaments from ionic liquid solution

“…In this dry jet-wet spinning process, high orientation is accomplished by stretching the solution before regenerating it. Whereas, in the regular viscose process, relatively amorphous, low-tenacity fibers are spun with draw ratios \1, and stretching is done after the regeneration (Hearle and Schawaller 2000;Stibal et al 2000;Fink et al 2001;Coulsey and Smith 1996). Hence, potentially, higher viscosities and thus lower temperatures would be preferable.…”

Study on the Bending Fatigue Properties of Nomex Fiber

“…Although the aramid fibers have good tension strength, the compressive strength and shearing of aramid fibers are poor. The poor bending and shearing strength restrict their applications in many aspects [1]. An important method to evaluate the compressive strength of fiber is bending test, because the major fracture is caused by compressive and shearing force.…”

“…There are many previous researchers who studied tensile fatigue of single fiber under different pretension [2][3][4][5], however, studies bending fatigue is scarce. Hearle studied the flexural fatigue of Kevlar 29 fiber [6]. Liu XY studied the bending fatigue properties of single Kevlar49 fiber at different pretensions [7].…”