Fibers, 3. General Production Technology

Stibal, W.; Schwarz, R.; Kemp, Ulrich; Bender, Klaus; Weger, Friedrich; Stein, Manfred

doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_511

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In polymers, relaxation is slow, thus structure, including axial orientation of even amorphous material, is retained after mechanical deformation of a solution or melt, and may be set by solidification. Thus, the extruded and drawn jet is quickly solidified by cooling (melt spinning), evaporation of the solvent (dry spinning), or by precipitation with an antisolvent (wet spinning) (Stibal et al 2000). Together, crystallite size (measured with level-off degree of polymerization), molar mass, total orientation, and crystallinity determine the strength properties in excess of those in an unoriented, undrawn state (Krässig 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this dry jet-wet spinning process, high orientation is accomplished by stretching the solution before regenerating it. Whereas, in the regular viscose process, relatively amorphous, low-tenacity fibers are spun with draw ratios \1, and stretching is done after the regeneration (Hearle and Schawaller 2000;Stibal et al 2000;Fink et al 2001;Coulsey and Smith 1996). Hence, potentially, higher viscosities and thus lower temperatures would be preferable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry jet-wet spinning of strong cellulose filaments from ionic liquid solution

et al. 2014

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Considerable growth is expected in the production of man-made cellulose textile fibers, which are commercially produced either via derivatization to form cellulose xanthate (viscose) or via direct dissolution in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (Lyocell). In the study at hand, cellulosic fibers are spun from a solution in the ionic liquid [DBNH] [OAc] into water, resulting in properties equal or better than Lyocell (tensile strength 37 cN tex -1 or 550 MPa). Spinning stability is explored, and the effects of extrusion velocity, draw ratio, spinneret aspect ratio and bath temperature on mechanical properties and orientation are discussed. With the given set-up, tenacities and moduli are improved with higher draw ratios, while elongation at break, the ratio of wet to dry strength, modulus of resilience and birefringence depend little on draw ratio or extrusion velocity, elastic limit not at all. We find the process robust and simple, with stretching to a draw ratio of 5 effecting most improvement, explained by the orientation of amorphous domains along the fiber axis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry jet-wet spinning of strong cellulose filaments from ionic liquid solution

et al. 2014

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“…The semi‐crystalline nature of PET fibres reflects the fact that the macromolecules from which they are derived comprise both crystalline domains (regions that display a high degree of order) and amorphous domains (regions that display a low degree of order), as observed for other types of common textile fibre 8 . The relative extents of crystalline and non‐crystalline material present within a given PET fibre depends on the particular processing conditions encountered during fibre manufacture, notably spinning (eg, 17–20 ); the degree of crystallinity of PET fibres ranges from ca . 40% to 60% but can be as high as 70% to 80% in the case of highly oriented fibres 18,21 …”

Section: Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena, aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 3 physical properties of water and water‐derived fibre properties

Burkinshaw

Liu

2022

Coloration Technology

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In the absence of published information regarding the temperature dependency of water‐derived poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibre properties, the findings reported for the thermally regulated interactions between water and 100% amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) materials were interpreted from the perspective of the amorphous domains that reside within semi‐crystalline polyester textile fibres. This analysis suggests that the pronounced temperature dependent uptake of a commercial grade disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric achieved during an aqueous dyeing process at temperatures between 30 and 130°C is the likely result of the combination of three separate, but inherently inter‐related, thermally activated phenomena, namely, polymer structural relaxation, in which polymer glass transition assumes a dominant role, dissolution of disperse dye in the aqueous dyebath, as well as various water–fibre interactions, in the guise of water sorption, water molecule diffusivity, water‐induced swelling and water‐induced plasticisation. Although thermally regulated macromolecular relaxation processes adopt the principal role in dye uptake, temperature dependent dye solubility and water‐derived fibre properties nevertheless likely provide crucially important supportive roles.

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“…Solidification of the dope is achieved through cooling, evaporation of the solvent or precipitation in an antisolvent. These techniques are referred to as melt-, dry- and wet-spinning, respectively . Another widely reported method is electrospinning, which, in its simplest from, draws a polymer solution under the influence of an electric field …”

Section: Conventional Spinning Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinning of Cellulose Nanofibrils into Filaments: A Review

Lundahl

Klar

Wang

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

170

152

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Spinning of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) offers promising opportunities to develop renewable fibers and filaments with strong, aligned structure. This review introduces recent findings on the relationship between the properties of CNF hydrogels, the spinning conditions and the performance of filaments obtained by dry- and wet-spinning. For example, the filament Young’s modulus correlates with CNF structural factors, such as slenderness and crystallinity. Furthermore, high shear rates and extensional flow strengthen the filament, mainly by improving structural uniformity and partly by effectively orienting the fibrils. However, other less obvious factors, such as those associated with coagulation and drying, play critical roles in filament performance. These and other details related to this timely application of CNF are presented here for the benefit of researchers and users of fibers and filaments for composites, textiles and others.

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Fibers, 3. General Production Technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Dry jet-wet spinning of strong cellulose filaments from ionic liquid solution

Dry jet-wet spinning of strong cellulose filaments from ionic liquid solution

The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena, aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 3 physical properties of water and water‐derived fibre properties

Spinning of Cellulose Nanofibrils into Filaments: A Review

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