Fibre bundles in the human extensor carpi ulnaris tendon are arranged in a spiral

Kalson, Nicholas S.; Malone, P. S. C.; Bradley, Robert S.; Withers, Philip J.; Lees, Vivien C.

doi:10.1177/1753193411433228

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The intricate, helical structure (Vidal 2003; C. T. Thorpe, Klemt, et al 2013; Kalson et al 2012; Kannus 2000; Khodabakhshi et al 2013; Jozsa et al 1991) results in complex mechanical properties, which are unexpected and hard to predict when tendons are loaded in a non-uniform manner, such as near rotated insertion sites or around broken fibers or fascicles or torn or lacerated tendon. Therefore the goal of this study was to investigate how shear behavior redistributes axial loads in whole tendon via elastic and viscoelastic properties and their differences in functionally different tendons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shear load transfer in high and low stress tendons

Kondratko-Mittnacht

Duenwald-Kuehl

Lakes

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Background Tendon is an integral part of joint movement and stability, as it functions to transmit load from muscle to bone. It has an anisotropic, fibrous hierarchical structure that is generally loaded in the direction of its fibers/fascicles. Internal load distributions are altered when joint motion rotates an insertion site or when local damage disrupts fibers/fascicles, potentially causing inter-fiber (or inter-fascicular) shear. Tendons with different microstructure (helical versus linear) may redistribute loads differently. Method of Approach This study explored how shear redistributes axial loads in rat tail tendon (low stress tendons with linear microstructure) and porcine flexor tendon (high stress with helical microstructure) by creating lacerations on opposite sides of the tendon, ranging from about 20-60% of the tendon width, to create various magnitudes of shear. Differences in fascicular orientation were quantified using polarized light microscopy. Results and Conclusions Unexpectedly, both tendon types maintained about 20% of pre-laceration stress values after overlapping cuts of 60% of tendon width (no intact fibers end to end) suggesting that shear stress transfer can contribute more to overall tendon strength and stiffness than previously reported. All structural parameters for both tendon types decreased linearly with increasing laceration depth. The tail tendon had a more rapid decline in post-laceration elastic stress and modulus parameters as well as a more linear and less tightly packed fascicular structure, suggesting that positional tendons may be less well suited to redistribute loads via a shear mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. Thorpe, Klemt, et al 2013). Fascicles exhibit a helical organization within the whole tendon structure as well (Kalson et al 2012; Kannus 2000; Khodabakhshi et al 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear load transfer in high and low stress tendons

Kondratko-Mittnacht

Duenwald-Kuehl

Lakes

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…For example, waviness (or crimp) of fibres along the long axis of tendon is proposed to contribute to the distinct toe region of the nonlinear stress-strain curve observed in tensile testing [1,12]. The crimp pattern is also superposed by a three-dimensional helical superstructure of collagen fibres, detected by polarized light microscopy and interference microscopy with three-dimensional modelling [13,14]. This helical pattern is demonstrated to contribute to greater recovery and less hysteresis loss of energy-storing tendons compared with positional tendons [15].…”

Section: Overview Of Tendon Structure and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling approaches for evaluating multiscale tendon mechanics

Fang

Lake

2016

Interface Focus.

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Tendon exhibits anisotropic, inhomogeneous and viscoelastic mechanical properties that are determined by its complicated hierarchical structure and varying amounts/organization of different tissue constituents. Although extensive research has been conducted to use modelling approaches to interpret tendon structure–function relationships in combination with experimental data, many issues remain unclear (i.e. the role of minor components such as decorin, aggrecan and elastin), and the integration of mechanical analysis across different length scales has not been well applied to explore stress or strain transfer from macro- to microscale. This review outlines mathematical and computational models that have been used to understand tendon mechanics at different scales of the hierarchical organization. Model representations at the molecular, fibril and tissue levels are discussed, including formulations that follow phenomenological and microstructural approaches (which include evaluations of crimp, helical structure and the interaction between collagen fibrils and proteoglycans). Multiscale modelling approaches incorporating tendon features are suggested to be an advantageous methodology to understand further the physiological mechanical response of tendon and corresponding adaptation of properties owing to unique in vivo loading environments.

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“…3A,B). A similar technique has been used previously to track fibre bundles in human extensor carpi ulnaris tendon (Kalson et al, 2012). Although we could not directly detect individual fascicles in the ACL, there were features that could be tracked and appeared to be helically arranged (Fig.…”

Section: Optical and Electron Microscopy In Three Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional visualisation of soft biological structures by X-ray computed micro-tomography

Shearer

Bradley

Hidalgo‐Bastida

et al. 2016

Journal of Cell Science

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Whereas the two-dimensional (2D) visualisation of biological samples is routine, three-dimensional (3D) imaging remains a time-consuming and relatively specialised pursuit. Current commonly adopted techniques for characterising the 3D structure of non-calcified tissues and biomaterials include optical and electron microscopy of serial sections and sectioned block faces, and the visualisation of intact samples by confocal microscopy or electron tomography. As an alternative to these approaches, X-ray computed micro-tomography (microCT) can both rapidly image the internal 3D structure of macroscopic volumes at sub-micron resolutions and visualise dynamic changes in living tissues at a microsecond scale. In this Commentary, we discuss the history and current capabilities of microCT. To that end, we present four case studies to illustrate the ability of microCT to visualise and quantify: (1) pressure-induced changes in the internal structure of unstained rat arteries, (2) the differential morphology of stained collagen fascicles in tendon and ligament, (3) the development of Vanessa cardui chrysalises, and (4) the distribution of cells within a tissue-engineering construct. Future developments in detector design and the use of synchrotron X-ray sources might enable real-time 3D imaging of dynamically remodelling biological samples.

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Fibre bundles in the human extensor carpi ulnaris tendon are arranged in a spiral

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Shear load transfer in high and low stress tendons

Shear load transfer in high and low stress tendons

Modelling approaches for evaluating multiscale tendon mechanics

Three-dimensional visualisation of soft biological structures by X-ray computed micro-tomography

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