Fibre caps across Europe: type studies and 11 new species of Inocybe (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

Abstract

Based on detailed morphological and genetic investigation, 11 new species of Inocybe (I. abdita, I. alcis, I. carissima, I. cryptica, I. culicis, I. mecoana, I. mortenii, I. orioli, I. rangiferi, I. sepiana and I. turfae) are described. Six of the new species are smooth-spored and five are nodulose-spored. The new species are compared to 18 type specimens, all of which are described here and for seven of which (partial) ITS sequences have been generated. For six species, namely I. griseovelata, I. lacera, I. soluta, I. subcarpta, I. tarda and I. transitoria, a lectotype, epitype or neotype was selected, and a description and a figure plate are provided for each of them. Based on our studies, we are convinced that I. albofibrillosa and I. striatorimosa are synonymous with I. soluta, while I. aurantioumbonata is synonymous with I. tarda. Furthermore, we affirm that I. longicystis is synonymous with I. stellatospora. All of the new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses. In summary, we here describe as new, verify the taxonomic status of, or provide or corroborate morphological concepts for 29 species of Inocybe.

Three new smooth-spored species of Inocybe, two new epitypes, and updates on earlier epitypifications

“…Sequences were blasted against GenBank ( Johnson et al 2008) and in Geneious R10 (Biomatters) against the “Full “UNITE+INSD” dataset” ( Abarenkov et al 2022), in order to find additional records for the species treated here and putative close relatives. The majority of the close relatives were found among taxa treated in earlier publications ( Bandini et al 2021c, 2022a, 2022b; Vauras & Larsson 2016), so that for each species, the inclusion of a single full-length sequence (ITS + LSU approx. 1400 bp) or the type sequence plus one full length sequence, if available, was considered sufficient.…”

“…Already in earlier publications (Bandini et al 2021a(Bandini et al , 2022a(Bandini et al , 2022b, we began to designate epitypes in cases where the appraisal of the status of more recent names required the clarification of old names and the existing types did not show sufficient characters for species distinction. Important characters for species identification and delimitation that are often not observable in old material and not explicitly mentioned in species descriptions are associated with the caulocystidia at the top of the stipe.…”

“…has more fragile basidiomata, a less smooth pileus surface, fugacious and less abundant greyish velipellis and narrower spores, and it grows near Salix (Ludwig 2017; DB, personal observation), whereas, I. furfurea Kühner differs from I. car olina, e.g., by the usually paler pileus colour, with age scabby, cracked and/or fissured pileus centre, fugacious and less abundant greyish velipellis and on average much shorter spores (e.g., Kühner 1955;Kuyper 1986;stangL 1989;Bandini et al 2019c). Inocybe griseovelata Kühner usually has a paler pileus colour, more greyish velipellis, longer spores and very long and narrow caulocystidia (Kühner 1955;Kuyper 1986;stangL 1989;Bandini et al 2021cBandini et al , 2022a, and I. grusiana Bandini & B. Oertel can be distinguished from I. carolina, e.g., by the greyish velipellis, longer spores and long and narrow, subcylindrical caulocystidia (Bandini et al 2021c).…”

“…Therefore, it would be premature to assign an epitype. The species was discussed in detail in Bandini et al (2021cBandini et al ( , 2022a.…”

“…The genus continues to grow, with several new species described from all over the world almost on a monthly basis. In the last five years alone, about 150 new species, all of them sequenced, have been published (e.g., Larsson et al 2018a, 2018b; Matheny & Swenie 2018; Bandini et al 2019a, 2019b, 2019c; Cripps et al 2019b; Matheny & Kudzma 2019; Bandini et al 2020a, 2020b, 2020c; 2021a, 2021b, 2021c; Cervini 2021; Crous et al 2021; Dovana et al 2021; Marchetti et al 2021; Mešić et al 2021; Bandini et al 2022a, 2022b, 2022c; Crous et al 2022; He et al 2022; Bandini et al 2023; Pošta et al 2023; Rodríguezcampo et al 2023). Given that there are many parts of the world, for instance China, where there are no reliable estimates of the actual number of species (see, e.g., Fan & Bau 2010, 2013, 2020; Fan et al 2018), and given the number of species in the databases, the total number of species is much higher (see Bhunjun et al 2022).…”